2.2- Sports Psychology- Attribution theory

Question 1

Attribution

Answer 1

the reasons, justifications and excuses we give for winning losing or drawing

Question 2

What can attribution be linked to?

Answer 2

Motivation

Question 3

External attribution usage

Answer 3

Coaches should attribute failure to an external cause in order to take the responsibility of loss away from the players. This maintains self esteem and sustains motivation to restore pride and confidence

Question 4

Internal attribution usage

Answer 4

Internal attribution should be used to reinforce success as they elevate confidence and create future expectations

Question 5

What correctly and incorrectly used attributions do?

Answer 5

Correct- they can increase motivation which will affect effort, participation and future performances

Incorrect- decreases motivation

Question 6

Weiner’s attribution model

Answer 6

2 dimensions- locus of causality and stability

L of C: Internal and external factors

Stability: Stable and unstable factors

Ability- internal & stable

Task difficulty- external & stable

Effort- internal & unstable

Luck- external & unstable

Question 7

what does locus of causality affect?

Answer 7

Feelings of pride, confidence, shame and motivation

Question 8

What does stability affect?

Answer 8

expectations of future outcomes

Question 9

Ability

Answer 9

Extent of the performer’s ability to cope with the task

Question 10

Task difficulty

Answer 10

Extent of problems posed by task

Question 11

Effort

Answer 11

Amount of mental and physical endeavour the performer gives to a task

Question 12

Luck

Answer 12

Factors attributable to chance such as weather or state of the pitch

Question 13

What happens if the reasons given for losing are unstable?

Answer 13

More likely to try again as there is a good chance that there will be a change in outcome

Question 14

Which 3rd dimension was added to the attribution model to make it more specific to sport?

Answer 14

Controllability

Question 15

Self serving bias

Answer 15

Successful performers take credit for their success. Attribute success to their own quality and enhance feelings of pride and self worth

Question 16

Need to achieve

Answer 16

Increased motivation to succeed

Don’t care about failure

Extroverts

Success is attributed to stable and internal

Question 17

Need to avoid failure

Answer 17

Decreased motivation to succeed

Feel shame if they fail

Introverts

Success is attributed to unstable and external- luck

Question 18

High achiever

Answer 18

Adopts task orientated goals

Seems challenging tasks

Perform well in front of evaluative audiences

Question 19

Low achiever

Answer 19

Adopts outcome oriented goals

Avoids challenge

Perform badly in front of audiences

Question 20

learned helplessness

Answer 20

A belief acquired over time that one has no control over events and that failure is inevitable

Question 21

global learned helplessness

Answer 21

Applied to all sports and generalised

Question 22

Specific learned helplessness

Answer 22

Applied to one specific sport

Question 23

Attribution retraining

Answer 23

Changing what someone attributed their success and failures to

Question 24

mastery orientation

Answer 24

The view an individual will be motivated by becoming an expert

Attribute failure to internal controllable factors

Don’t compare performance to others

Question 25

Sports confidence