2.1- Skill Aquisition- Learning Theories

Question 1

operant conditioning

Answer 1

Trial & error learning that is based on stimulus-response bonds. Used to strengthen or weaken bonds depending whether they are correct or not.

Question 2

S-R bond

Answer 2

stimulus-response bond

Question 3

Ways to strengthen S-R bond

Answer 3

Positive & Negative Reinforcement

Question 4

Ways to weaken S-R bond

Answer 4

Punishment

Question 5

positive reinforcement

Answer 5

the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experiencing praise and reward for a correct behaviour

Question 6

negative reinforcement

Answer 6

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.

Question 7

Punishment

Answer 7

an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows. Could include a fine, substitution or drop from team.

Question 8

Thorndike’s Laws

Answer 8

3 laws- exercise, effect and readiness

Question 9

Law of Exercise (Thorndike)

Answer 9

actions that are repeated frequently become stronger, repetition strengthens the S-R

Question 10

Law of Effect (Thorndike)

Answer 10

a behavior followed by a reward is is strengthened and more likely repeated. Positive and negative reinforcement

Question 11

Law of Readiness (Thorndike)

Answer 11

Students must be ready to learn, your muscular and nervous systems need to be mature enough

Question 12

Cognitive Theory of learning

Answer 12

Learners actively construct their understanding by trying to connect new information with their prior knowledge. Importance of perceiving a problem in its entirety and overcoming intervening variables.

Question 13

intervening variable

Answer 13

something that is used to explain the relationships between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses

Question 14

Who came up with the cognitive theory of learning?

Answer 14

Gestalts

Question 15

What type of learner is Cognitive Theory of learning not good for?

Answer 15

Cognitive Learners

Question 16

Who developed observational learning?

Answer 16

Albert Bandura

Question 17

vicarious experience

Answer 17

conditions that allow us to learn by watching what happens to others, imagine yourself performing

Question 18

4 stages of observational learning

Answer 18

1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Motor Reproduction
4. Motivation

Question 19

What is observational learning?

Answer 19

learning by observing others- creating a mental picture

Question 20

attention (observational learning)

Answer 20

The person must first pay attention to the model. The demonstration of the skill must be correct, at the right ability but not too long or complicated

Question 21

Retention (Observational Learning)

Answer 21

The observer must be able to remember the behavior that has been observed through making a mental image

Question 22

motor reproduction (observational learning)

Answer 22

the process of imitating the model’s actions and physically doing the skills, must be able to be repeated

Question 23

Motivation (Observational Learning)

Answer 23

The learners want, need and desire to replicate the skill

Question 24

What do coaches have to do to ensure observational learning?

Answer 24

Make the performance:
Attractive,
Clear,
Broken down
& praised