2.1- Skill Aquisition- Learning Theories Flashcards
operant conditioning
Trial & error learning that is based on stimulus-response bonds. Used to strengthen or weaken bonds depending whether they are correct or not.
S-R bond
stimulus-response bond
Ways to strengthen S-R bond
Positive & Negative Reinforcement
Ways to weaken S-R bond
Punishment
positive reinforcement
the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experiencing praise and reward for a correct behaviour
negative reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.
Punishment
an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows. Could include a fine, substitution or drop from team.
Thorndike’s Laws
3 laws- exercise, effect and readiness
Law of Exercise (Thorndike)
actions that are repeated frequently become stronger, repetition strengthens the S-R
Law of Effect (Thorndike)
a behavior followed by a reward is is strengthened and more likely repeated. Positive and negative reinforcement
Law of Readiness (Thorndike)
Students must be ready to learn, your muscular and nervous systems need to be mature enough
Cognitive Theory of learning
Learners actively construct their understanding by trying to connect new information with their prior knowledge. Importance of perceiving a problem in its entirety and overcoming intervening variables.
intervening variable
something that is used to explain the relationships between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses
Who came up with the cognitive theory of learning?
Gestalts
What type of learner is Cognitive Theory of learning not good for?
Cognitive Learners
Who developed observational learning?
Albert Bandura
vicarious experience
conditions that allow us to learn by watching what happens to others, imagine yourself performing
4 stages of observational learning
- Attention
- Retention
- Motor Reproduction
- Motivation
What is observational learning?
learning by observing others- creating a mental picture
attention (observational learning)
The person must first pay attention to the model. The demonstration of the skill must be correct, at the right ability but not too long or complicated
Retention (Observational Learning)
The observer must be able to remember the behavior that has been observed through making a mental image
motor reproduction (observational learning)
the process of imitating the model’s actions and physically doing the skills, must be able to be repeated
Motivation (Observational Learning)
The learners want, need and desire to replicate the skill
What do coaches have to do to ensure observational learning?
Make the performance:
Attractive,
Clear,
Broken down
& praised
