2.2 Peaceful Protests And Their Impact Flashcards
When did campaign concentration begin (campaign c)?
2nd April 1963.
Where did campaign c begin?
Birmingham, alabama
Why was birmingham alabama targeted in campaign c?
Very racist state, nickname bombingham ,because it bombed black churches , homes and businesses
What groups participated in campaign c?
SNCC,SCLC and ACMHR(alabama christian moment for human rights)
Who was Eugene ‘bull’ Connor?
A racist chief of police in birmingham . Easily provoked
What happened at birmingham?
Arrests, water cannons, dogs and battens dispersing marchers. All of this shown on tv , many sickened by violence
What was campaign c?
Direct peaceful protest , putting the protests in volent areas, provoking violence to gain positive publicity
Who was the black man pictured being bitten by a dog in birmingham alabama?
Walter Gadsen
Why was birmingham significant?
- civil rights protests worked by inviting violence
- state officials and police learnt that violence would garner support for the civil rights movement
What was the march on washington?
- march for jobs and freedom
- march outside the white house
- 250,000 people (40000 whites)
- peaceful, good humoured
- live on tv
- MLK ‘ i had a dream speech’
Why the march on Washington was significant ?
- size, showed the huge support for the civil rights movement
- who saw it, broadcasted on tv in the us and other countries
- kings speech, gained more support and king was seen as the leader
- the crowd, black and whites together , famous people (bob Dylan ect).
When was the march on washington ?
1963
When was the freedom summer?
1964
What was the freedom summer?
1000 volunteers went to Mississippi to work with local campaigners . Many white college students involved:freedom schools set up , helped many pass voter registration tests. Had the goal of getting as many people as possible signed up to vote
How did white Mississippi respond to freedom summers?
- 80 civil rights activists beaten
- burned 37 black churches and 30 black homes
- 1600/17000 registered to vote
- 3 civil rights activists found dead
When were the mississippi murders?
1964
What were the mississippi murders?
Core workers were murdered by KKK June 1964. Were missing for 6 weeks then the bodies were found.
What was JFKs role in the civil rights movement?
- appointed blacks to high level jobs
- pressed changes to laws
- not afraid to intervene in south with executive orders, eg . James meredith case
What was LBJs role in the civil rights movment?
- appointed blacks to high level jobs
- civil and voting rights act
- escorted marchers from selma to montgomery
What happened when JFK was assassinated?
Killed before could make real changes. Congress limited executive powers
What did LBJ and JFK want to do ?
Minimise federal intervention so only got involved in emergency’s
What was the civil rights act of 1964?
- signed July 2nd 1964
- banned voter registration discrimination , discrimination in public spaces, businesses and in the workplace
- equal force committee enforced the laws
- stopped funding for discriminatory projects
- schools forced to intergrate
Why the civil rights act 1964 was not a success?
- did not abolish social discrimination
- southern states found ways to stop intergation
What was the voting situation in selma , alabama in 1965?
1%of blacks were registered to vote
They wanted LBJ to pass voting rights act
