2.1 Progress 1960-62 Flashcards
When was the Greensboro sit in?
February 1 1960
What was the Greensboro sit in?
Four black students from carolina college in Greensboro, protested against segregation by sitting in the white only seats. They were asked to leave but stayed.
What happened on the second day of Greensboro sit in?
25 students took part and the word spread about the protest across the south , in Greensboro segregated lunch areas
What role did CORE and SCLC have in the Greensboro sit in?
- trained students in non violent protests.
- planned many protests across the south
- mlk began to organise non violent protests all over the south, sit ins were the main method
How many took part in the Greensboro sit in?
70000
How many went to jail for protesting ?
3600
What was the significance of the Greensboro sit in?
- broad community of people took part
- media coverage showed racism against blacks
- positive media coverage
- significant numbers
- sit ins spread rapidly across south, helped movement
- showed importance of publicity
- lots of white southerners joined
Who was James meredith ?
Black civil rights activists , rejected from missipi university
What was the James meredith case 1962?
James meredith was rejected from Mississippi uni . Naacp challenged this . Supreme court ordered the university to admit him . They didn’t . Kennedy sent in the national guard to force the university .
How many troops were sent by kennedy to james meredith?
23000
Why the James meredith case was important?
- first black university student
- supreme court order showing the change in attitudes
- mob of 3000 attacked federal officials , shows the hatred towards blacks
- meredith guarded for whole year shows the difficulties with integration.
Did kennedy want to send in the national guard?
Kennedy was forced too support civil rights due to poor publicity being used by the ussr during the cold war.
What was a key factor for civil rights gaining support?
Publicity
What were the freedom rides?
CORE campaigners rode buses to highlight desegregation had not happened.
When was bus desegregation ruled?
1956
When did the supreme court order bus companies to desegregate?
December 1960
What caused the freedom rides?
Core campaigners in 1961 , checked if buses were actually integrated, they were not, which caused outrage.
What date did the freedom rides begin and what happened?
4 may 1961. 7 black and 6 white freedom riders left washington onbuses
What happened during the freedom rides on the 15 may 1961?
Bus was attacked by 100 kkk members
What happened after the freedom riders were attacked?
10 more freedom riders were sent out , and they were escorted to Montgomery, then To Mississippi. Once they arrived in Mississippi they were arrested.
What was the response to the freedom rides?
Southern governors denounced the freedom rides and the kkk and WCC vowed to stop them
What was the kkks reaction to the freedom rides?
Attacked them and firebombed a bus. Reckless, showing how dangerous they were as they did not even care about publicity.
What was the purpose of the freedom rides other than to protest ?
Provoke the kkk to gain positive publicity
How did commitment help the freedom riders achieve their goal?
kept protesting despite:
- threats
- jail
- violence
- bombings
How did organisation help the freedom rides achieve its goals?
forced government to act:
- protesters carried on
- tactics provoked racist response
- Core and sncc held peaceful protests
How did publicity help the freedom riders achieve their aim?
- media informed about campaigns
- aimed to provoke
