1.2 Progress In Education Flashcards
When was brown vs Topeka ruled ?
1954
Why oliver brown took the city of Topeka in kansas to court?
For forcing his daughter to attend a school a long way away
What did the NAACP do in 1952?
Took five desegregation cases to the supreme court
What did the NAACP argue for in brown vs topeka?
Segregation made blacks feel inferior , this was against the 14 amendment
Who was the chief justice appointed in 1952?
Justice earl warren who wanted integration , replacing an segregation chief justice
What did the supreme court rule in brown vs Topeka 1954?
Overruled plessy as it made blacks feel inferior. Segregation was prohibited, but no timescale was set
What did the supreme court rule in 1955 after brown vs Topeka ?
That desegregation would be carried out with ‘deliberate speed.’
How brown vs Topeka was a short term success?
- many desegregation campaign after
- desegregation of schools took place after a couple of years
- 723 school districts desegregated
What are the long term successes of brown vs Topeka ?
- civil rights awareness
- legal pressure
- desegregation in a lot of states , if not all.
What is the short term failure of brown vs Topeka ?
- took a long time to enforce laws
- year after passing they said to complete it with deliberate speed
- took 3 years to desegregate
- many schools lied about desegregation
What was the long term failure of brown vs Topeka?
- hostility between blacks and whites teachers and students
- by 1960 , still southern states with segregation
- social segregation , whites left areas
- good black schools were closed
- white hostility made civil rights groups numbers falls.
Why was the little rock high school significance?
Group of 9 African american students enrolled at little rock central high school in 1957. The governor of arkansas prevented them from entering
When was little rock high ?
1957
What was the reaction to the Topeka case from white southerners?
Threatened blacks who tried to integrate
Who was the governor of arkansas in 1957?
Orval faubus who opposed integration, he sent 250 troops to stop the students getting in
What happened after orval faubus stopped the little rock 9?
Daisy bates NAACP organised the kids to come in the next day together. Elizabeth eckford did not receive the message , she turned up by bus and was turned away by state troopers as a mob of racists yelled ‘lynch her ‘. 250 reporters were outside the school cathing the incident on camera.
What was Eisenhower’s reaction toe little rock 9?
Didn’t want to intervene but negative publicity forced him too. Federalised the state troopers , sending 1000 to enforce segregation
What was the situation for the little rock 9 for their school lives?
Escorted around school , had threats and racist abuse shouted at them.
What was faubus’ reaction to eisenhower ?
Closed down the little rock schools , but whites forced him to reopen in 1959
Why was the little rock 9 significant ?
Showed the difficulty of integration and showed the us as a racist country , which was good publicity for the soviets during the cold war.
How the white citizens council protested integration ?
- campaigned against integration
- bombed schools
- threatened families of children
Who were the political opposition to integrated schools?
- senator Henry f. Byrd of virginia demanded massive resistance to integration in 1956. He said he would close schools who attempted to integrate
- ‘massive resistance’ was deemed illegal , so integration began
How blacks coped with the opposition to integration ?
- NAACP and CORE sent people to work with families involved in integration
- core produced leaflets on how to do non violent proteste even when provoked
- students had to be escorted to school by state troopers.
