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MICROBIOLOGY > 2.2 Organic Molecules > Flashcards

2.2 Organic Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

A

Carbon skeleton

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2
Q

Energy molecules, essential nutrient

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Include sugars and starches

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Many carbohydrates are

A

Isomers which mean they have the same chemical formulas but different structures

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5
Q

Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but less than carbohydrates

A

Lipids

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6
Q

Hydrophobic compounds
No polar
Insoluble in water

A

Lipids

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7
Q

Significant source of energy in food

A

Lipids

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8
Q

Energy storage in animals
Forming barriers in cells
Forming hormones in animals

A

Lipids

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9
Q

Contain glycerol and fatty acids

A

L

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10
Q

Formed by dehydration synthesis

A

L

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11
Q

Saturated fat: no double bonds in the fatty acids
Unsaturated fat: one o r more dbl bond in the fatty acids

A

L

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12
Q

H atoms on the same side of the dbl bond

A

Cis (sis)

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13
Q

H atoms on opposite sides of the double bond

A

Trans (opposite)

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14
Q

Contains c, h, o, p, n and or s

A

Complex lipids

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15
Q

Have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

A

Complex lipids

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16
Q

Considered amphipathic molecules

A

Complex lipids

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17
Q

Form bilayer in the plasma membrane of the cell

A

Complex lipid

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18
Q

Polar heads

A

Hydrophilic

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19
Q

Polar tail

A

Hydrophobic

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20
Q

Cell membranes made of complex lipids and phospholipids

A

Complex lipids

Glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Phospholipids have have as well as non polar regions

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21
Q

Four carbon rings with -OH group attached to one ring

A

Steroids

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22
Q

Component of plasma membrane provide additional rigidity and structure

A

Steroid

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23
Q

Animals use specialized steroids as hormones

A

Steroids

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24
Q

Made up of CHON and sometimes S

A

Proteins

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25
Q

Essential in cell structure and function

A

Proteins

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26
Q

Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions
They have flagella that aid in movement
Some bacterial toxins and cell structures

A

Proteins

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27
Q

Transporter proteins move chemicals across membranes

A

Proteins

28
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of

A

Proteins

29
Q

What kind of amino acids are there?

A

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic

30
Q

Amino acids contain a

A

Amino group, a carboxylic acid group and an r group

31
Q

Chemical properties are based on the group of atoms in the

A

Variable r group

32
Q

Isomers that are mirror images of each other

A

Enantiomers

33
Q

Exists in either two stereoisomers

A

D or L
Proteins

34
Q

L forms are most often found

A

In nature

35
Q

Short chain of amino acids

A

Peptide

36
Q

A long chain of amino acids

A

Polypeptide

37
Q

Covalent bond between amino acids

A

Peptide bonds

38
Q

Peptide bonds (covalent bonds) between amino acids are formed by

A

Dehydration synthesis

39
Q

Primary structure

A

Polypeptide chain

40
Q

The amino acid chain folds and coils in a helix or pleated sheet

A

Secondary structure

41
Q

The helicopter or sheet folds irregularly forming disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain

A

Tertiary structure

42
Q

Consists of two more polypeptides

A

Quaternary structure

43
Q

Glycoproteins
Nucleoproteins
Lipoproteins

A

Conjugated proteins consist of amino acids and other organic molecules

44
Q

Proteins can undergo

A

Denaturation

45
Q

Proteins encounter hostile environments such as temperature and pH and therefore lost their shapes and functions

A

Denaturization

46
Q

Essential molecules that provide the code that runs cells

A

Nucleic acids

47
Q

Chemical code that tells a cell how to make proteins

A

Nucleic acids

48
Q

Building blocks of Nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

49
Q

A five carbon Penrose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen containing base

A

Nucleotides consisting of

50
Q

Nucleosides consist of

A

Pentose
Nitrogen containing base

51
Q

Contains deoxyribose

A

DNA

52
Q

Exists as a double helix

A

DNA

53
Q

Back bone made of alternating sugar and phosphate

A

DNA

54
Q

Adenine hydrogen bonds with

A

Thymine

55
Q

Cytosine hydrogen bonds with

A

Guanine

56
Q

Order of the nitrogen bases forms the

A

Genetic instructions of the organism

57
Q

Two strands are held together using

A

Hydrogen bonds

58
Q

Contains ribose
Is single standed

A

RNA

59
Q

In RNA adenine hydrogen bonds with

A

Uracil

60
Q

In RNA cytosine hydrogen bonds with

A

Guanine

61
Q

Several kinds of RNA play a specific role in

A

Protein synthesis

62
Q

Transmission of information in all types of cells

A

Gene expression

Which includes DNA RNA and proteins

63
Q

MRNA IS produced by

A

Transcription

64
Q

Made of ribose, adenine and three phosphate groups

A

ATP

65
Q

Attached to a string of three phosphate groups

A

Adenosine

66
Q

Stores the potential to react with water

A

ATP

67
Q

Releases energy that can be used by the cell

A

ATP —> ADP

MICROBIOLOGY (6 decks)

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