1.3 Microbial World and You Flashcards
Which of the following were instrumental in DISPROVING spontaneous generation?
Spallanzani’s experiment in which flasks of meat broth were boiled and then melted shut, preventing the passage of air altogether.
Needham’s experiments showing that even boiled vials of meat broth, when covered, became cloudy, teeming with microorganisms after a few days.
Pasteur’s experiments using a specialized swan-necked flask that prevented microbes from entering flasks open to the air
The theory set forth by Rudolph Virchow, stating that living cells arise only from preexisting cells.
Pasteur’s experiments using a specialized swan-necked flask that prevented microbes from entering flasks open to the air
Hooke and Van Leeuwenhoek helped to create the basis of cell theory by
developing industrial products using microorganisms
clarifying the connection between disease and microorganisms
proving that living organisms originate spontaneously from nonliving materials
observing and documenting cells, and using microscopes to visualize the invisible structure of living things
observing and documenting cells, and using microscopes to visualize the invisible structure of living things
How would you recognize an antibiotic-producing soil bacterium on a plate crowded with other bacteria? The bacterial colony producing the antibiotic would be
surrounded by a clear area
star shaped
characterized by pseudopods
visible as masses called mycelia
red or yellow
surrounded by a clear area
Aseptic technique is a standard lab practice that includes all of the following EXCEPT
using careful methods to sterilize equipment used to transfer and isolate colonies
preventing airborne contaminants from accessing nutrient rich environments in cultures
preventing contamination of unwanted microbes present on solids, in liquids and in the air
elimination of all oxygen during any processes to prevent contamination
elimination of all oxygen during any processes to prevent contamination
Jenners work with vaccinations depended on which of the following?
trusting that the body produced agents that effectively overcame a disease causing microbe
selecting a microbe that could easily evade the Immune system
selecting a pathogen that was a bacterium
exposing patients to the exact pathogen he was trying to protect them from
trusting that the body produced agents that effectively overcame a disease causing microbe
In Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment, the importance of the S-shaped curves in the flasks was twofold. The curves allowed entry of air but excluded
oxygen
heat
airborne microorganisms
nutrients
viruses
airborne microorganisms
Pasteur discovered that microbes can cause food spoilage. His solution to protect wine from spoiling was a process called pasteurization, which is based on what principle?
filtration of the wine to remove all microbes
heating beer and wine just enough to kill those microorganisms causing the spoilage
addition of specific disinfectants and food preservatives that prevent the spoilage
the destruction of all microbes in the wine
heating beer and wine just enough to kill those organisms causing the spoilage
An exposure to __________ protects against infection with smallpox.
bacteria
normal microbiota
chemotherapy
penicillin
cowpox
cowpox
Robert Koch’s studies on Bacillus anthracis established a sequence of experimental steps to prove that microbes
control insect pests
cause disease
can be altered to produce products such as human insulin
produce antiviral compounds
recycle elements such as nitrogen
cause disease
For which of the following can Koch’s postulates be used to identify the organism causing the disease?
HIV, the agent causing AIDS, a disease of human immune system
Streptococcus pyogenes, the organisms that causes strep throat, which can be cultured on blood agar in the laboratory
treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, which cannot be grown in the lab
allergies
Streptococcus pyogenes, the organisms that causes strep throat, which can be cultured on blood agar in the laboratory
which of the following is correct
koch- microscopy
Fleming-antimicrobial
erhlich- vaccinations
pasteur- antisepsis
fleming- antimicrobial
Pasteurization was first developed to kill __________ in wine.
antibiotic- producing bacteria
probiotic bacteria
spoilage bacteria
disease- causing bacteria
all bacteria
spoilage bacteria
the experiments leading to the development of the scientific method
the experiments leading to the germ theory of disease
the steps that relate a specific microbe to a specific disease (etiology)
the process used to develop pasteurization
the steps that relate a specific microbe to a specific disease (etiology)
the cell theory states that _____ are made up of cells
plants
archaea
animals
all living things
protozoa
all living things
