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Injury Care > 2.2 Knee > Flashcards

2.2 Knee Flashcards

1
Q

……..

A
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2
Q

Ankle (__) is a stable ____ joint

A

talocrural joint;
hing joint

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3
Q

Medial and lateral displacement is prevented by the __

A

malleoli

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4
Q

The __ shape of the __ ….

A
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5
Q

………

A
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6
Q

What are 2 Medial ligamnets?

A
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7
Q

Medial Ligament:
Deltoid Ligament

A

Thick ligament
—Made of 4 ligaments
—Connects tibia to the medial tarsal
—Prevents eversion
—Injured in an eversion ankle sprain

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8
Q

Medial Ligament: Spring LIgamnet

A

Talocalcaneal ligament
—Supports medial longitudinal arch

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9
Q

What are the 3 lateral ligaments? How are they injured?

A

Anterior Talofibular ligamnet—
—Goes from talus to tibial
— The first one injured from an inversion ankle sprain

Calcaneofibular ligament—Protects against
—Connects from

Posterior Talofibular ligament—
—Connects from

Injured from: Inversion ankle sprain

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10
Q

Fallen arch

A
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11
Q

What questions should you ask for history?

A
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12
Q

What does a pop mean?

A
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13
Q

What does a crack mean?

A
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14
Q

Genu Valgum or Varum?

A

Genu Valgus—Look at the knee. Knocked knees. Knees go inward and legs goes outward.

Genu Varum—Bow legs
—Difficulty walking
—

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15
Q

Internal or external tibial torsion

A

Internal tibial torsion—Tibial tuberosity and toes will be pointed inward.
external tibial torsion— Feet turn out

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16
Q

Malaignment can reveal causes of ___

A

abnormal stress
(to foot, knee, hips, anckles etc.)

17
Q

How do you check alignmnet of teh leg Anteriroly?

A

Anteriroly, a stright line could be drawn from the ASIS through the patella and between 1st and 2nd toes

18
Q

How do you check alignmnet of teh leg Laterally?

A

a stright line could be drawn from the greater trochanter through center of knee and just behind the lateral malleouls

19
Q

ow do you check alignmnet of the leg posteriorly?

A

A line drawn through center of the lower leg midline to the Achillies and calcaneus.

20
Q

FUNCTION TEST:
How do you test
Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion.

(if patient has diifculty weight bearing do not use this)

A

Plantarflexion—Walk on toes
Dorsiflexion—Walk on heels
Inversion—Walk on lateral borders of feet
Eversion—Walk on medial borders of feet

Injury: Passive and active movements

21
Q

What boney landmarks do you use for palpation?

A
22
Q

What is the most common injury?

A

Sprains; caused by sudden exessive eversion and inversion

23
Q

Inversino Ankle Sprians

A

Most common;
Damage to lateral ligamnets
Anterior talofibularr ligament
….

24
Q

How do you know when people need xrays?

A

Ottawa Ankle Rules–
—If they have a fracture
—If paim is in the mallwlar or midfoot area
—or pain in 5th metatarsal
–inability to bear weight for 4 steps

—Want to put compression on injuried area to avoid/prevent swelling.

25
Q

Grade 1 Ligament sprains

A

ETIOLOGY—INVERSION,PLANTARFLEXON
CAUSES: Stretching of anterior talofibular ligament

Signs and symptom:
—Mild pain
—Tendserness
No laxity

Managment:
—

26
Q

Grade 2 Ligament Sprains:

A

Eitolgy
—Moderate inversion force causes a great deal of disablity

Signs and Symptoms:
—POP, SNAP or moderate pain
—difficulty bearing weight
—Edema
—Positive taalr tilt and anterior draer test

Managment:
— RICE–72 hours
—Crutches 5-10 days
—X-ray to confirm

27
Q

What are the 2 ankle stability tests?

A
28
Q

Anterior drawer test

A

Use: when dtermining anterior talofibular ligament

Results
—Positive if the foot slides forward + makes noise
—Joint pops out

(Pull talsus like a drawer)

29
Q

Talar tilt test

A

Determin: Extents of inversion or eversion injuries
—Calcaneus is inverted at 90 degrees
—……

30
Q

When are crutches used? How do you fit a paceint?

A

Used: Lower extremity abulation is contracted

31
Q

……………..

A
32
Q

ACL Sprain. Sign/Symptoms?

A

Signs:
1) Pop with pain/ disability
2) Positive anterior drawer and Lachman’s
3) Rapid Swelling at the joint line

33
Q

Managment for ACL sprain?

A

1) RICE + crutches ——Major instability
2) arthroscopy to see the extent of the injury
3) Surgy— without it, could lead to degeneration of joint
a) Graph tendon to prepare ACL
b) Hospital stay 3-5 weeks in a brace
c) 4-6 months of rehab

34
Q

What tests can you do for an ACL sprain?

A

Lockman’s test
(30 degree leg bend)

35
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tests

A
36
Q

Pivot Shift Test

A
37
Q

,…

A
38
Q

What are knee braces used for?
Functional vs. Prophylactic Knee Braces

A

1) Used to prevent and reduce the severity of knee injuries
2) Used to protect MCL, or prevent further damage to grade 1 & 2 sprains of the ACL or to protect the ACL following surgery

Functional—For any type
Propholyatic—To prevent injuries

39
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain? What is it’s other name?

A

Dashboard knee;
Fall on bents knee with the foot in plantar flexion

Cuases tibia to move postierorly

Injury Care (8 decks)

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