2.2 Knee

Question 1

……..

Question 2

Ankle (__) is a stable ____ joint

Answer 2

talocrural joint;
hing joint

Question 3

Medial and lateral displacement is prevented by the __

Answer 3

malleoli

Question 4

The __ shape of the __ ….

Question 5

………

Question 6

What are 2 Medial ligamnets?

Question 7

Medial Ligament:
Deltoid Ligament

Answer 7

Thick ligament
—Made of 4 ligaments
—Connects tibia to the medial tarsal
—Prevents eversion
—Injured in an eversion ankle sprain

Question 8

Medial Ligament: Spring LIgamnet

Answer 8

Talocalcaneal ligament
—Supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 9

What are the 3 lateral ligaments? How are they injured?

Answer 9

Anterior Talofibular ligamnet—
—Goes from talus to tibial
— The first one injured from an inversion ankle sprain

Calcaneofibular ligament—Protects against
—Connects from

Posterior Talofibular ligament—
—Connects from

Injured from: Inversion ankle sprain

Question 10

Fallen arch

Question 11

What questions should you ask for history?

Question 12

What does a pop mean?

Question 13

What does a crack mean?

Question 14

Genu Valgum or Varum?

Answer 14

Genu Valgus—Look at the knee. Knocked knees. Knees go inward and legs goes outward.

Genu Varum—Bow legs
—Difficulty walking
—

Question 15

Internal or external tibial torsion

Answer 15

Internal tibial torsion—Tibial tuberosity and toes will be pointed inward.
external tibial torsion— Feet turn out

Question 16

Malaignment can reveal causes of ___

Answer 16

abnormal stress
(to foot, knee, hips, anckles etc.)

Question 17

How do you check alignmnet of teh leg Anteriroly?

Answer 17

Anteriroly, a stright line could be drawn from the ASIS through the patella and between 1st and 2nd toes

Question 18

How do you check alignmnet of teh leg Laterally?

Answer 18

a stright line could be drawn from the greater trochanter through center of knee and just behind the lateral malleouls

Question 19

ow do you check alignmnet of the leg posteriorly?

Answer 19

A line drawn through center of the lower leg midline to the Achillies and calcaneus.

Question 20

FUNCTION TEST:
How do you test
Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion.

(if patient has diifculty weight bearing do not use this)

Answer 20

Plantarflexion—Walk on toes
Dorsiflexion—Walk on heels
Inversion—Walk on lateral borders of feet
Eversion—Walk on medial borders of feet

Injury: Passive and active movements

Question 21

What boney landmarks do you use for palpation?

Question 22

What is the most common injury?

Answer 22

Sprains; caused by sudden exessive eversion and inversion

Question 23

Inversino Ankle Sprians

Answer 23

Most common;
Damage to lateral ligamnets
Anterior talofibularr ligament
….

Question 24

How do you know when people need xrays?

Answer 24

Ottawa Ankle Rules–
—If they have a fracture
—If paim is in the mallwlar or midfoot area
—or pain in 5th metatarsal
–inability to bear weight for 4 steps

—Want to put compression on injuried area to avoid/prevent swelling.

Question 25

Grade 1 Ligament sprains

Answer 25

ETIOLOGY—INVERSION,PLANTARFLEXON CAUSES: Stretching of anterior talofibular ligament Signs and symptom: —Mild pain —Tendserness No laxity Managment: —

Question 26

Grade 2 Ligament Sprains:

Answer 26

Eitolgy —Moderate inversion force causes a great deal of disablity Signs and Symptoms: —POP, SNAP or moderate pain —difficulty bearing weight —Edema —Positive taalr tilt and anterior draer test Managment: — RICE–72 hours —Crutches 5-10 days —X-ray to confirm

Question 27

What are the 2 ankle stability tests?

Question 28

Anterior drawer test

Answer 28

Use: when dtermining anterior talofibular ligament Results —Positive if the foot slides forward + makes noise —Joint pops out (Pull talsus like a drawer)

Question 29

Talar tilt test

Answer 29

Determin: Extents of inversion or eversion injuries —Calcaneus is inverted at 90 degrees —......

Question 30

When are crutches used? How do you fit a paceint?

Answer 30

Used: Lower extremity abulation is contracted

Question 31

.................

Question 32

ACL Sprain. Sign/Symptoms?

Answer 32

Signs: 1) Pop with pain/ disability 2) Positive anterior drawer and Lachman’s 3) Rapid Swelling at the joint line

Question 33

Managment for ACL sprain?

Answer 33

1) RICE + crutches ——Major instability 2) arthroscopy to see the extent of the injury 3) Surgy— without it, could lead to degeneration of joint a) Graph tendon to prepare ACL b) Hospital stay 3-5 weeks in a brace c) 4-6 months of rehab

Question 34

What tests can you do for an ACL sprain?

Answer 34

Lockman's test (30 degree leg bend)

Question 35

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tests

Question 36

Pivot Shift Test

Question 37

,...

Question 38

What are knee braces used for? Functional vs. Prophylactic Knee Braces

Answer 38

1) Used to prevent and reduce the severity of knee injuries 2) Used to protect MCL, or prevent further damage to grade 1 & 2 sprains of the ACL or to protect the ACL following surgery Functional—For any type Propholyatic—To prevent injuries

Question 39

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain? What is it's other name?

Answer 39

Dashboard knee; Fall on bents knee with the foot in plantar flexion Cuases tibia to move postierorly