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Politics > 2.2 Established Political Parties > Flashcards

2.2 Established Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 traditional values of the Conservative Party?

A
  • human nature
  • law and order
  • preservation
  • One nation and an organic society
  • pragmatism
  • property
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2
Q

Explain the core conservative view on human nature?

A

An overall pessimistic view of human nature, it cannot be changed through political and social change. They believe humans are individualists

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3
Q

Explain the core conservative view on law and order?

A

The idea of a strong social hierarchy that banishes any form of freedom. This strong hierarchy is suppose to reduce any form of crime

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4
Q

Explain the core conservative view on preservation?

A

The idea that traditional institutions should be kept and are opposed to any idea of change or social reform

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5
Q

Explain the core conservative view on a one-nation and the organic growth of society?

A

Society should be allowed to grow freely and shouldn’t be manufactured in any way. Excessive inequality of wealth though is bad and will lead to class conflict

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6
Q

Explain the core conservative view on pragmatism?

A

The flexibility of conversation and a search for a practical solution that benefits all areas of society

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7
Q

Explain the core conservative view on property?

A

The belief that people be allowed to own property

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8
Q

What was the post-war consensus?

A

Where both the main political parties agreed with how the country should be run

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9
Q

An excessive welfare system created what in Thatchers eyes?

A

A dependency culture

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10
Q

Pre 1979, what was the Conservative Party?

A

A one-nation approach dedicated to benefiting the worse off in society

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11
Q

Does Thatcher’s neo-liberal ideas run through the Conservative Party today?

A

Economically yes - there is an emphasis on wealth creation and a libertarian approach to markets.

Socially no - Thatcher believed in traditional famial ideas. The traditional nuclear family of a hetero-sexual couple. Now, this is not the case there is more of an acceptance of different family types evident through the legalisation of gay marriage in 2013

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12
Q

What 5 factions run through the Conservative Party today?

A
  • European Research Group
  • Cornerstone
  • Conservative Way Forward
  • Tory Reform Group
  • Northern Research Group
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13
Q

What is the European Research Group?

A

A group of MPs within the Conservative Party that are Eurosceptic. They publish insights and data on Brexit.

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14
Q

How does the European Research Group differ from the main party?

A

The majority of those in the Conservative Party are either pro-europe or opt for a softer Brexit whilst those in the ERG want a hard Brexit

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15
Q

How influential have the European Research Group been?

A

Highly influential as it was influential in forcing Johnson to push for a no deal Brexit.

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16
Q

Traditional conservative or one nation views?

A
  • pragmatic
  • welfare should advance those of the working class
  • low tax
  • state should improve the lives of the poor
  • organic society
  • likely to ‘manage’ the economy
  • strong on law and order
  • property rights
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17
Q

Thatcherite views?

A
  • dogmatic
  • excessive welfare is a threat to enterprise
  • against high taxes
  • reduce state control
  • society is made up of unconnected individuals
  • less likely to manage the economy (laissez-faire)
  • strong on law and order
  • traditional values of the family
  • support property
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18
Q

Cameron views?

A
  • pragmatism
  • welfare should be an incentive to work
  • low tax
  • state should help most deprived
  • the ‘Big Society’
  • a belief in free markets
  • strong on law and order
  • acceptance of gay couples
  • support property rights
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19
Q

What is Cornerstone faction of the Conservative party?

A

A high-Tory, traditional faction. A strong emphasis on the famial ideology, opposed to abortion and same sex marriage.

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20
Q

How does Cornerstone differ from the main party?

A

The Cornerstone group is vastly different to that of the main party, its traditional famial ideology contradicts the legalisation of abortion and same sex marriage

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21
Q

How influential has Cornerstone been?

A

Not very influential

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22
Q

What is the Conservative Way Forward faction of the Conservative party?

A

A Thatcherism faction that looks to expand on Thatchers successes in the 1980s. Heavy belief in free markets, deregulation and the limitation of the power of trade unions

23
Q

How does Conservative Way Forward differ from the main party?

A

Differs in some way, but not many. Thatcher took a strong position on the famial ideology which is no longer a thing within the main Conservative party. However, the belief in free markets and wealth creation has heavily influenced Cameron, May and Johnson

24
Q

How influential has Conservative Way Forward been?

A

Relatively influential. They have backed every Conservative Prime Minster since the 1990s suggesting they are influenced by the new-right

25
Q

What is the Tory Reform Group faction of the Conservative Party?

A

A faction that supports equality, diversity and civil liberties. Often described as a “one nation” faction.

26
Q

How does the Tory Reform Group differ from the main party?

A

It doesn’t, both May and Johnson have identified as one nation Conservatives indicting the TRG is an accepted faction within the party

27
Q

How influential has the Tory Reform Group been?

A

Fairly influential, the legalisation of same sex marriage in 2013, and abortion rights remaining mean the ideological compatibility of the TRG is inline with the public, as well as the rest of the part

28
Q

What is the Northern Research Group faction of the Conservative Party?

A

A faction that has been campaigning for greater investment into the north of England. It was formed in 2019.

29
Q

How influential has the Northern Research Group been?

A

Has had significant influence under the Johnson government who wants to “level up” the north. They also backed Andy Burnhams plea for greater funding for Manchester following tier 3 restrictions

30
Q

Neo-liberals are concerned with what issue?

A

Economic issues

31
Q

Neo-conservatives are concerned with what issue?

A

Social issues

32
Q

What 5 issues do neo-liberals look into?

A
  • deregulation
  • disengagement
  • trade union reforms
  • low tax
  • dependency culture
33
Q

Explain the neo-liberal view on deregulation?

A

The state should withdraw from areas of society that promote wealth. They believe competition enhances business’ and makes more profit

34
Q

Explain the neo-liberal view on disengagement?

A

State intervention only fixes short terms problems, but inflicted long term damage. All leading to less investment within the economy

35
Q

Explain the neo-liberal view on trade unions?

A

Trade unions were the causation of inefficient business. They maintained; inefficient practices and prevented technological enhancement

36
Q

Explain the neo-liberal view on low taxation?

A

A low tax society becomes an incentive for people to work and become entrepreneurial

37
Q

Explain the neo-liberal view on the dependency culture?

A

A progressive welfare system created a dependency culture in which people were dependent on the state. Low benefits encouraged people to work.

38
Q

Traditional conservatism believes in what type of economics?

A

Middle-way economics

39
Q

Neo-liberals believe in what type of economics?

A

Laissez-faire economics

40
Q

When was the Labour Party created?

A

1900

41
Q

What are the 8 ‘old Labour’ values?

A
  • greater equality
  • class conflict shouldn’t exist, govt should help those who are disadvantaged
  • equality of opportunity
  • collectivism
  • common ownership
  • trade unionism
  • statism
  • welfarism
42
Q

What did ‘old labour’ do in the 1940s?

A

Created the welfare state and NHS

43
Q

What did ‘old labour’ do in the 1970s in terms of trade unions?

A

Granted trade unions powers to take industrial action in the interests of their members

44
Q

What is it called when major industries are put under state ownership?

A

Nationalisation

45
Q

What was created in 1960 to increase equality of opportunity?

A

Open Universities

46
Q

What is democratic socialism?

A

A moderate form of socialism that wants to mix state control over production with market capitalism so that the interests of the working class are advanced

47
Q

What is the Third Way?

A

A new philosophy, which lays somewhere between socialism and neo-liberlaism

48
Q

What are the 7 ‘new labour’ values?

A
  • reject class conflict
  • acceptance of capitalism
  • enabling state
  • individualism
  • equality of opportunity
  • communitarianism
  • constitutional reform
49
Q

What is the Momentum faction of the Labour Party?

A

2015 - a largely socialist movement who looked to unleash ‘old labour’ values. Nationalisation, state regulation

50
Q

How successful is momentum in terms of influencing the Labour Party?

A

During 2015 - 2019 momentum was extremely influential, inspiring Jeremy Corbyn to take the party to the far left

51
Q

What is the Progress faction of the Labour Party?

A

A faction looking to build on the tenure to Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. It is on the right of the party

52
Q

How successful is Progress in terms of influencing the Labour Party?

A

Has had little extent during the 2010s under Milliband, Corbyn and Starmer

53
Q

What is the Blue Labour faction of the Labour Party?

A

A socially conservative faction that looks to limit the amount of immigration and advocated pulling the UK out of the EU

54
Q

How successful has Blue Labour been in terms of influencing the party?

A

Not influential at all. Milliband, Starmer and Corbyn all advocated free movement from the EU

Politics (19 decks)

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