2.2 established political parties

Question 1

What did the Labour Party do when it changed from ‘Old’ to ‘New’ Labour?

Answer 1

dropped unpopular policy proposals and revised its clause so it was no longer committed to nationalisation

Question 2

What did New Labour place a strong emphasis on?

Answer 2

managing the media to project a more modern image

Question 3

When was the first Labour government?

Answer 3

1924

Question 4

When was Labour founded and what was its original purpose?

Answer 4

1900, to get more working class MPs in Parliament

Question 5

When was the first Labour majority government and with who?

Answer 5

1945, Clement Atlee

Question 6

What did Clement Atlee do whilst he was prime minister?

Answer 6

made changes including nationalisation of coal and railways

Question 7

Who was the last ‘Old Labour’ PM?

Answer 7

James Callaghan

Question 8

How did Browns changes lead to claims New Labour had been forgotten?

Answer 8

Brown had to change policies after the financial crash and this led to claims New Labour had been forgotten

Question 9

What did Miliband do as leader of the Labour party?

Answer 9

Miliband shifted the policies slightly to the left and had a perceived policy to the public sector

Question 10

What were the main Labour policies when Corbyn was leader?

Answer 10

Economic = increased investment, re-nationalisation of railways
Law + order = opposed New Labours hard-line policies, opposed police cuts
Welfare = opposed benefit cuts and wanted a state run NHS, ‘national education service’
Foreign = continued EU membership, wanted to leave NATO

Question 11

How was New Labour a departure from socialism?

Answer 11

• emphasis on wealth creation rather than distribution
• responsibility in handling the national finances
• influence of liberal ideology on Labour thinking
• people need to be aware of their responsibilities to the community as well as their rights
• enlisting the public sector to deliver public services

Question 12

What are the five missions of Keir Starmer’s Labour Party?

Answer 12

1) Get Britain building again
2) Switch on Great British Energy
3) Get the NHS back on its feet
4) Take back our streets
5) Break down barriers to opportunity

Question 13

What were Cameron’s main policies in the Conservative Party?

Answer 13

Economic = reduce the budget deficit, spending cuts
Welfare = cut costs and encourage those on benefits to be more self-reliant, radical overhaul of the NHS
Foreign = strong links with the USA, Brexit referendum
Law + order = more under-standing of young offenders balanced approach to crime ‘rehabilitation revolution’

Question 14

What are the five pledges of Rishi Sunak’s Conservative Party?

Answer 14

1) Halve inflation
2) Grow the economy
3) Get debt falling
4) Cut NHS waiting lists
5) Stop the boats

Question 15

When was the ‘Conservative’ Party first started and what was its purpose?

Answer 15

17th Century, called the Tory Party, in defence of the historic privileges

Question 16

What did Robert Peel do in the 1800s?

Answer 16

gradual reform in order to protect

Question 17

What were the main aims of Thatcherism and the New Right?

Answer 17

• aimed to ‘roll back the state’
• encourage individuals to take more responsibility
• sought to reduce state intervention in the economy

Question 18

What did one-nation conservatism sought to do?

Answer 18

bridge the gulf between classes, the ‘natural leaders’ would accept an obligation to act benevolently to the disadvantaged

Question 19

When did one-nation conservatism peak?

Answer 19

the generation after WW2

Question 20

What was wrong with the post-Thacherite Conservative Party?

Answer 20

• they had an aging membership, outdated policies and failed to appeal to an increasingly diverse society
• the next 3 leaders failed to defeat Tony Blair

Question 21

What happened during John Major’s time as leader?

Answer 21

he had a narrow victory in 1992, and was defeated in 1997 after a series of troubles and scandals

Question 22

What did Cameron do differently as leader and what did this lead to?

Answer 22

• ‘detoxify’ the party, he demonstrated that he valued public services and maintained they stood with ordinary people
• his moderate tone led to him forming a coalition

Question 23

What are the main Lib Dem Policies?

Answer 23

Economic = eliminating budget deficit, ‘borrow less than Labour, cut less than the Tories’
Welfare = control benefit spending, uprating pensions, free childcare, increase NHS funding
Foreign = EU membership
Law + order = personal freedom, defence of civil liberties

Question 24

When was the Liberal Democrats founded?

Answer 24

1988

Question 25

What was the Lib Dems known as before 1988?

Answer 25

17th century = known as the whigs and opposed the Torys
mid-19th century = formed the Liberal Party

Question 26

What were classic liberals main ideas?

Answer 26

committed to individual freedom and wanted the state to play a minimal role

Question 27

Who did the Liberals form an alliance with?

Answer 27

The Social Democratic Party (SDP), formed an alliance in the elections and they merged in 1988

Question 28

What happened to the Liberal Party after WW1?

Answer 28

rapidly declined

Question 29

What happened to the Liberal Party in the 60s and 70s?

Answer 29

it was unable to make a breakthrough due to FPTP

Question 30

When was modern liberalism started and why?

Answer 30

early 1900s, many individuals could not be free because of inequalities

Question 31

What were the main themes of the coalition government?

Answer 31

constitutional reform, civil liberties and internationalism

Question 32

When did the Lib Dems coalition government occur?

Answer 32

in 2010 with the conservatives

Question 33

What did the Lib Dems manage to get in the coalition governement?

Answer 33

a referendum on the use of alternative vote in Westminster = it didn’t win

Question 34

What was Nick Clegg’s approach prior to the coalition government?

Answer 34

to position the party so that it could work with one of the larger parties