2.2 electronic structures and the periodic table

Question 1

How are chemical elements placed on the periodic table?

Answer 1

In order of the atomic (proton) number

Question 2

What does the group number in the periodic table tell you?

Answer 2

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 3

What are the differences in properties between metals and non metals?

Answer 3

Metals:
- Conduct electricity
- Higher meriting and boiling points
- Ductile (can be drawn out into wires)
- Malleable (can be hammered into shapes without smashing) (non metal solids are brittle)

Question 4

Do non metals tend to lose or gain electrons?

Answer 4

Tend do gain electrons to form negative ions

Question 5

How many electrons do group 5 elements tend to gain

Answer 5

3

Question 6

How many electrons do group 6 elements tend to gain

Answer 6

2

Question 7

How many electrons do group 7 elements tend to gain

Answer 7

1

Question 8

Do metals tend to gain or lose electrons

Answer 8

Lose electrons to form positive ions

Question 9

What happens when elements form positive or negative ions

Answer 9

They attain the electronic structure at the end of the noble gas at the end of the period above them

Question 10

Why are the atoms of noble gases stable?

Answer 10

• They have 8 electrons in their outermost shell (making them very stable
• The exception is the first novel gas, helium, which has 2 electrons in the outer shell but it is also a stable electronic structure

Question 11

What does the fact that noble gases are stable mean?

Answer 11

• That they exist as single atoms
• They don’t have a tendency to react and modify their electronic structures by forming molecules

Question 12

What are some of the few compounds that have been made with the larger noble gases

Answer 12

They contain some of the most reactive non-metallic elements such as fluorine and oxygen

Question 13

What is the trend with boiling points going down group 0?

Answer 13

It increases