2.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
When is ATP required in cellular respiration?
ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis. This leads to the generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage and results in a net gain of ATP.
In aerobic conditions what happens to pyruvate?
pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A.
Explain the citric acid cycle
In the citric acid cycle the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. During a series of enzyme-controlled steps, citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in the generation of ATP and release of carbon dioxide.
Where dose the cirtic acid cycle occur?
The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
What do dehydrogenase enzymes do?
Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH. This occurs in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
What do dehydrogenase enzymes do with the hydrogen?
The hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy
How is cellular respiration controlled?
By enzymes
What is the main respiratory substrate?
Glucose
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
How many ATP molecules are required during the energy investment stage?
2
How many ATP molecules are produced during the energy pay-off stage?
4
List the products at the end of glycolysis.
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2NADH
What does pyruvate get broken down in to?
Acety group
