1.6 Mutation’s Flashcards
State the definition of a mutation
Mutations are changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised.
State the definition of a single-gene mutation
Single gene mutations involve the alteration of a DNA nucleotide sequence as a result of the substitution, insertion or deletion of nucleotides.
State 3 types of single gene mutations
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Sate three types of single nucleotide substitutions
missense, nonsense and splice-site mutations.
State the affect of an insertion or deletion mutation
Nucleotide insertions or deletions result in frame-shift mutations.
What is a framshift mutation
Normally all of the codons and all of the amino acids are altered after the deleted/inserted base/nucleotide.
What is a chromosome structure mutation.
a change in the number or sequence of genes in a chromosome.
What are the four types of chromosome mutation?
Deletion
Inversion
Duplication
Translocation
Chromosome mutations;
Describe deletion
A section of the chromosome is removed
Chromosome mutations;
Describe Inversion
A section of the chromosome is reversed
Chromosome mutations;
Describe duplication
A section of chromosome is added from it’s homologous partner.
Chromosome mutations;
Describe translocation
A section of chromosome is added - not from its homologous partner
The importance of mutation
It is the cause of evolution
