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Higher Biology > 1.3 Gene Expression > Flashcards

1.3 Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

RNA has (……) strand and is found in the (……), (……) and (…..), RNA has (……) sugar present and obtains the bases (…..), (……), (……) and (……) .

A

RNA has 1 strand and is found in the nucleus, ribosome and cytoplasm, RNA has ribose sugar present and obtains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine.

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2
Q

DNA has (……) strands and can be found in the (……), DNA has (……) sugar present and contains the bases (……), (……), (……) and (……)

A

DNA has 2 strands and can be found in the * nucleus, DNA has a * deoxyribose * sugar present and contains the bases * adenine, thymine, cytosine and * guanine*

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3
Q

What is the complementary RNA strand?

ATGCATGATTAG

A

UACGUACUAAUC

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4
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome

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5
Q

Where is mRNA located in the cell?

A

Nucleus and cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is the funtion of tRNA

A

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes

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7
Q

Where is tRNA located in the cell?

A

Ribosome

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8
Q

What is the funtion of rRNA

A

Carries a complementary copy of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome.

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9
Q

Where is rRNA located in the cell?

A

Cytoplasm and ribosome

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10
Q

In what way dose the DNA of one species Differentiate from another

A

The order of bases varies

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11
Q

How many bases in the genetic code correspond to One amino acid?

A

Three

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12
Q

which enzyme is involved in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

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13
Q

What is the difference between an exon and a intron?

A

Exons are coding regions and introns are non-coding regions

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14
Q

Is it introns or extrons what are removed from the primary transcript of mRNA

A

Introns

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15
Q

How are introns removed from the primary transcript of mRNA

A

RNA splicing

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16
Q

What is the name given to the three bases located on an mRNA strand?

A

Codon

17
Q

What is the name given to the three bases located on the tRNA strand?

A

Anticodon

18
Q

What is the name of the process of creating a polypeptide strand from mRNA

A

Translation

19
Q

What type of bonds form between mRNA and tRNA bases brought together at the ribosome?

A

Hydrogen bond

20
Q

What tupe of bond forms between adjacent amino acids brought together by their tRNA at the ribosome?

A

Peptide

21
Q

What is formed as the ribosome contuines to move along the mRNA molecule?

A

Polypeptide chain

22
Q

What is the fate of the tRNA molecule when its amino acid has been joined to the polypeptide?

A

Discharged from the ribosome to be reused

23
Q

Formation of the primary transcript of mRNA takes place in the….

A

Nucleus

24
Q

Modification of the primary transcript of mRNA takes place in the….

A

Nucleus

25
Q

Collection of amino acids by tRNA takes place in the….

A

Cytoplasm

26
Q

Formation of codon-anticodon links takes place in the….

A

Ribosome

27
Q

Diffeent proteins can be expressed by one gene as a result of…

A

Alternative RNA splicing

28
Q

Explain how its possible for 1 gene to code for so many proteins

A

As a result of alternative RNA splicing different mature transcripts can be produced and diffrent amino acids are incorporated into the polypeptide

29
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

30
Q

What causes the 3D shape of a protein?

A

Hydrogen bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids

31
Q

What determines the function of a protein?

A

The variety of shape

32
Q

Descrice four functions of a protein

A

Enzymes - biological catalysts
Antibodies - distruction of antigens
Membrane protein - receptors
Hormones - chemical messenger’s

33
Q

What determines the phenotype of an organism?

A

The phenotype is determined by proteins produced as a result of gene expression

34
Q

Genotype definition

A

Combination of genes

35
Q

Genome definition

A

All the generic information of an individual

36
Q

Phenotype definition

A

The physical trait that is observed

37
Q

Gene expression definition

A

The process where information from a gene is used in the synthesis of proteins.

Higher Biology (8 decks)

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