1.3 Gene Expression Flashcards
RNA has (……) strand and is found in the (……), (……) and (…..), RNA has (……) sugar present and obtains the bases (…..), (……), (……) and (……) .
RNA has 1 strand and is found in the nucleus, ribosome and cytoplasm, RNA has ribose sugar present and obtains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine.
DNA has (……) strands and can be found in the (……), DNA has (……) sugar present and contains the bases (……), (……), (……) and (……)
DNA has 2 strands and can be found in the * nucleus, DNA has a * deoxyribose * sugar present and contains the bases * adenine, thymine, cytosine and * guanine*
What is the complementary RNA strand?
ATGCATGATTAG
UACGUACUAAUC
What is the function of mRNA?
Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome
Where is mRNA located in the cell?
Nucleus and cytoplasm
What is the funtion of tRNA
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Where is tRNA located in the cell?
Ribosome
What is the funtion of rRNA
Carries a complementary copy of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome.
Where is rRNA located in the cell?
Cytoplasm and ribosome
In what way dose the DNA of one species Differentiate from another
The order of bases varies
How many bases in the genetic code correspond to One amino acid?
Three
which enzyme is involved in transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the difference between an exon and a intron?
Exons are coding regions and introns are non-coding regions
Is it introns or extrons what are removed from the primary transcript of mRNA
Introns
How are introns removed from the primary transcript of mRNA
RNA splicing
What is the name given to the three bases located on an mRNA strand?
Codon
What is the name given to the three bases located on the tRNA strand?
Anticodon
What is the name of the process of creating a polypeptide strand from mRNA
Translation
What type of bonds form between mRNA and tRNA bases brought together at the ribosome?
Hydrogen bond
What tupe of bond forms between adjacent amino acids brought together by their tRNA at the ribosome?
Peptide
What is formed as the ribosome contuines to move along the mRNA molecule?
Polypeptide chain
What is the fate of the tRNA molecule when its amino acid has been joined to the polypeptide?
Discharged from the ribosome to be reused
Formation of the primary transcript of mRNA takes place in the….
Nucleus
Modification of the primary transcript of mRNA takes place in the….
Nucleus
Collection of amino acids by tRNA takes place in the….
Cytoplasm
Formation of codon-anticodon links takes place in the….
Ribosome
Diffeent proteins can be expressed by one gene as a result of…
Alternative RNA splicing
Explain how its possible for 1 gene to code for so many proteins
As a result of alternative RNA splicing different mature transcripts can be produced and diffrent amino acids are incorporated into the polypeptide
What is a polypeptide?
A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
What causes the 3D shape of a protein?
Hydrogen bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids
What determines the function of a protein?
The variety of shape
Descrice four functions of a protein
Enzymes - biological catalysts
Antibodies - distruction of antigens
Membrane protein - receptors
Hormones - chemical messenger’s
What determines the phenotype of an organism?
The phenotype is determined by proteins produced as a result of gene expression
Genotype definition
Combination of genes
Genome definition
All the generic information of an individual
Phenotype definition
The physical trait that is observed
Gene expression definition
The process where information from a gene is used in the synthesis of proteins.
