2.2 Cell organelles Flashcards
Plasma membrane
what is it made of
what is it used for
- Outer membrane controls movements in and out of the cell
- Contains proteins that spans through membrane and allows passage of materials
- Made of phospholipid bilayer - 2 layers of lipids
is the door of the cell
Cell wall
what is it found in
what is it made of
what is it used for
- Found in plant, fungal and bacterial cells
- Extracellular structure that surrounds the cell membrane
- Rigid - helps plant cells maintain shape
Nucleus
what are they what do they do
what is there purpose in the cell
- Usually 1 per cell
- Spherical shape
- “Brain” of the cell
-they detect the activities of other parts of the cell
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CENTRIOLES
where are they
what are they
what are they used for
they are spaghetti shaped tubes in the nucleus which help provid structure
VACUOLES
what is the size difrence between plant and animal cells
what do they do
what is there purpose
They are membrain bound sacs which used for storage digestion and for waste removal
they are bigger in plants than animals
PEROXISOMES
what are they used for
they are used to destroy the hydrogen peroxide created by the white blood cells to kill bacteria
they use the enzyme catalyse
LYSOSOME
why and what is it
it digest biochemicals and transports undigested biochemicals to the cell membrane
its shape verses
GOLGI APPARATUS
what is it
what does it do
it packages proteins by adding carbohydrates before protein leaves the cell.
It is near the nucleus
Composed of numerous layers forming a sac.
Forms vesicles which contain proteins. They pinch off the ends of the GA and travel to the cell membrane. It fuses with the cell membrane which allows the protein to leave the cell.
RIBOSOMES
what are they and what do they do
They are the protein factory of the cell making protein from amino acids using instructions from in DNA in the form of mRNA
they are about 25% of the cell
they are found both floating around in the cytoplasm and stationary in the ER
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Where is it
what are the two types
It is a tubular network fused to the nuclear membrane and has two types smooth and rough
What is the rough er
what does it do
does it have ribosomes
The rough er does have ribosomes and purpose is to isolate and transport proteins which where created by the ribosomes
what is the smooth er and what is its purpose
does it have ribosomes
The smooth ER does not have ribosomes and function is to transport and help syntheses and transport lipids and steroids
nucleous
what is it
what shape is it
Spherical shape.
Visible only when the cell is not undergoing cell division.
Contains RNA needed for
protein production.
CHLOROPLASTS
what is
what does it do
name one analogy for its function
The CHLOROPLASTS is the site of photosynthesis where like a solar panel is generates oxygen and atp. It is also green and contains many components.
MITOCHONDRIA
what is it
what does it do
the MITOCHONDRIA is the powerhouse of the cell with its function to turn fuel molecules (like glucose) to usable atp. It does this though cellular respiration.
CYTOPLASM
what is it
what does it do
where is it
what does it do in prokaryotes
this is the inter cellular fluid which fills up the epmty space in the cell. It is also called cytosol which is the term for a specific part of CYTOPLASM in the cell eg inside a organelle. In prokaryotes most of the reactions of metabolism happen inside the CYTOPLASM. CYTOPLASM is made of mostly water with free floating molecules.
nuclear Membrane
what is it
what does it do
what is it made of
the nuclear Membrane is made of two layers of lipids (lipid bilayer). It surrounds the nucleus and is sometimes called the nuclear envelope. It has many openings (channels/ gates) which is used to bring molecules in and out of the nucleus.
CYTOSKELETON
what is it
what does it do
it is made of many microtubules which have two purpose, Firstly to add structure to the cell and secondly to create “roads” to help transport materials around the cell
CHLOROPLASTS
what does it do
name a analogy for it
what is its colour
it is the solar panel of the cell because it is the site of photosynthesis in the cell. By the generating atp and oxygen it contains green chlorophyll and has many working parts.
MITOCHONDRIA
what is it
what does it do
its purpose it to be the powerhouse of the cell. By the process of cellular respiration it turns fuel molecules (like glucose) into atp
CYTOPLASM
what is it
what does it do
CYTOPLASM is the intercelular fluid of the cell and it fills up most of the empty space in the cell. It is mostly made up of water but does contain free floating molecules. When you are talking about a specific part to the CYTOPLASM eg in the organelles you call it cytosol.It is Colloidal suspension (solid suspended in a liquid).
Nucleolus
what is it
what does it do
what shape is it
Spherical shape.
Visible only when the cell is not undergoing cell division.
Contains RNA needed for
protein production
Nuclear membrane
what is its fuction
what is it made of
what is its other name
Also called the nuclear envelope. It is made of two layers of lipids (lipid bilayer). Its function is though many openings (doors/ chanels) it allows molecules to leave and enter the nuclus
Nucleous
what is it
what does it do
Usually only one per cell (red blood cells & platelets have none; muscle cells have several).
Spherical in shape.
Control centre of the cell – directs the activities that occur within the cell.
