2.2 - Cell division Flashcards
Describe the 3 stages of the cell cycle
- mitosis: cell division
- interphase: cell growth, DNA replication, cell prepares to divide
- cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides
Why is mitosis important?
for growth, repair, reproduction
What is the type of reproduction mitosis falls under? Genetic variation?
asexual so does not give rise to genetic variation
Describe the cells that mitosis produces and the cells the parent cell
diploid parent cell produces two diploid, genetically identical daughter cells, each with identical copies of DNA
Describe interphase in mitosis
Cell growth and DNA replication
Describe prophase in mitosis
Chromosomes condense and become visible
Describe metaphase in mitosis
Chromosomes line up down equator of cell
Spindle fibres attach to centromeres of chromosomes
Describe anaphase in mitosis
Chromatids pulled to opposite poles of cell by spindle fibres
Describe telophase in mitosis
Chromosomes become longer and thinner, cytokinesis occurs
What is cytokinesis?
Division of cytoplasm which produces two daughter cells
Describe the process of binary fission in bacteria
- replication of circular DNA and plasmids
- division of cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells, each with a single copy of the circular DNA and variable number of plasmid copies
Do viruses undergo cell division and why?
no because they are acellular (non-living), they inject their nucleic acid into the host cell which replicates the viral particles
Why do cancer treatments aim to control the rate of cell division?
Cancer is rapid, uncontrollable cell division
Define a diploid cell
cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes
Define a haploid cell
cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes
