2.2 - Cell division Flashcards
Describe the 3 stages of the cell cycle
- interphase: cell growth, DNA replication, cell prepares to divide
- mitosis: cell division
- cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides
Why is mitosis important?
for growth, repair, reproduction
Name the type of reproduction mitosis involves, does it give rise to genetic variation?
asexual so does not give rise to genetic variation
Describe the cells that mitosis produces and the parent cell
- diploid parent cell produces 2 diploid, genetically identical daughter cells
- each have identical copies of DNA
Describe the interphase stage
cell growth + DNA replication
Describe the prophase stage
chromosomes condense and become visible
Describe the metaphase stage
- chromosomes line up down equator of cell
- spindle fibres attach to centromeres of chromosomes
Describe the anaphase stage
chromatids pulled to opposite poles of cell by spindle fibres
Describe the telophase stage
- chromosomes become longer and thinner at opposite poles of cell
- cytokinesis occurs
What is cytokinesis?
division of cytoplasm producing 2 daughter cells
Describe the process of binary fission in bacteria
- replication of circular DNA and plasmids
- division of cytoplasm to produce 2 daughter cells
- each has 1 copy of circular DNA and a variable no. of plasmid copies
Do viruses undergo cell division and why?
- no because they are acellular (non-living)
- instead, they inject their nucleic acid into host cell which replicates the viral particles
Why do cancer treatments aim to control the rate of cell division?
cancer is rapid, uncontrollable cell division
Define a diploid cell
cell that contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes
Define a haploid cell
cell that contains 1 complete set of chromosomes
