2.2 Carbohydrates Flashcards
what elements are found in carbohydrates
C , H , O
3 uses of carbohydrates
1.Acts as a source of energy (glucose)
2. Acts as a store of energy (Starch & Glycogen)
3. Acts as a structural unit (Cellulose)
What are monosaccharides
Simplest carbohydrates and act as monomer for larger structures
3 monosaccharides
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose
in alpha glucose on the 1st carbon hydrogen in at the top while OH is at the bottom
What is a dissacharide
Formed when 2 monosaccharides join together by condensation
What does a condensation reaction form
1-4 Glycosidic Bond
A glucose + A glucose
maltose
A glucose + Fructose
sucrose
B Galactose + A glucose
Lactose
B Glucose + B glucose
Cellobiose
What is a polysaccharide
polymers of monosaccharides bonded together using a condensation reaction
Homopolysaccharide
Polysaccharide that’s made from 1 type of monosaccharide
Hetropolysaccharide
polysaccharide that’s made from from different types of monosaccharide
what polymers are starch made from
2 alpha glucose
( Amylopectin , Amylose )
what bonds are there in starch
1,4 in amylose
1,4 + 1,6 in amylopectin
what is the function of starch
storing glucose
location of starch
plant cells
how does structure of starch lead to its function
- helix is compact to fit a lot of space
- Branched structure increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
- Insoluble ( won’t affect water potential )
what is the structure of amylose like
- unbranched chain coils to form helix
- The hydrogen bonds keep it in place
- The hydroxyl on carbon-2 is situated on the inside of coil making it less soluble and allowing it to maintain the coil structure due to h-bonds
what is the structure of amylopectin like
- Coils up to form spirals
- Held together by hydrogen bonds
- Branches emerge from the spiral
what monomers are glycogen made from
a glucose
what bonds are there
1,4
1,6
why does the structure coil less
the 1,4 bond chains are smaller
