22 Blood: General Characteristics and Function Flashcards
study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and blood disorders
Hematology
What is the connective tissue consisting of materials suspended in a nonliving liquid matrix called plasma
Blood
3 main functions of blood
transportation
regulation
protection
What are the cells in the blood
- erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs)
- leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs)
- platelets or thrombocytes.
-is the liquid component of blood
-it is where the cells and colloids are suspended in, and other transported substances are dissolved
-the noncellular, liquid part of the hematocrit
-a complex fluid that provides the medium of exchange between the blood vessels and the cells of the body
-it’s major constituent is water (92% to 94%)
Plasma
The percentage of a blood sample that is erythrocytes is called the ___
hematocrit
*blood sample is centrifuged
The platelets that occupy the middle portion is also known as
buffy coat
-An abnormally high hematocrit
-indicates that there are too many erythrocytes per milliliter of blood
-can also be an indication of dehydration since the decreased fluid volume will also result in an increased number of erythrocytes per milliliter of blood
polycythemia
-a low hematocrit
-low level of hemoglobin in the blood
-can result in an increased cardiac output (CO) as the animal attempts to deliver adequate oxygen to the tissues
anemia
five types of WBC
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
Granulocytes include
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Agranulocytes include
lymphocytes and monocytes
what are the formed elements of blood in mammals
erythrocytes (RBCs)
leukocytes (WBCs)
platelets
what are the formed elements of blood in birds
erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes
Avian granulocytes include
eosinophils, basophils, and heterophils
what are the three major classes of plasma proteins
albumin
globulins (α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ)
fibrinogen
the five major isotopes of immunoglobulins are classified as
IgG
IgE
IgA
IgM
IgD
which is the most abundant immunoglobulin of normal animals
IgG
Other components of plasma include:
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, lipids, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), Inorganic substances
-The red color of blood
-contained within the erythrocytes
hemoglobin
The color of plasma is ordinarily ____
light yellow
it is the a degradation product of hemoglobin
bilirubin
what is the pH of blood
7.4 pH
