10 Olfaction and Gustation

Question 1

is an animal’s primary special sense, and is far more sensitive than that of humans.

Answer 1

Olfaction (smell)

Question 2

is the sensation induced by the binding of chemical molecules with receptors.

Answer 2

Gustation (taste)

Question 3

The olfactory system consists of

Answer 3

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

lateral olfactory gyrus

piriform lobe

Question 4

is essential for the localization of food, reflex-stimulated secretion of digestive enzymes, and detection of danger.

Answer 4

Olfaction

Question 5

-are part of the specialized olfactory epithelium found on the ethmo turbinate bones of the nasal cavity.

-give rise to the olfactory nerve fibers that terminate in the olfactory bulb.

Answer 5

olfactory cells

Question 6

-the sensory neurons in the olfactory mucosa

-These neurons terminate as an olfactory knob with each olfactory knob giving rise to 10-20 cilia.

Answer 6

bipolar neurons

Question 7

protein that is thought to carry or concentrate the odorant molecules.

Answer 7

olfactory-binding protein

Question 8

The olfactory nerve fibers terminate in the

Answer 8

(ipsilateral) Olfactory bulb

Question 9

Odorants bind to receptors on the:

Answer 9

Cilia of olfactory cells

Question 10

Taste molecules bind to receptors on the:

Answer 10

Microvilli of receptor cells

Question 11

What are the types of papillae of the taste buds

Answer 11

fungiform papillae

vallate papillae

foliate papillae

Question 12

papillae that occupy the caudal portion of the dorsal tongue.

Answer 12

vallate papillae

Question 12

papillae that are distributed throughout the dorsal surface of the rostral two-thirds of the tongue, especially along the lateral margins and the tip.

Answer 12

fungiform papillae

Question 13

papillae that are present on the dorsolateral part of the caudal part of the tongue.

Answer 13

foliate papillae

Question 14

*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue

rostral two- thirds of the dorsal surface of the tongue.

Answer 14

Meaty taste

Question 15

*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue

rostral and lateral portions of the tongue

Answer 15

Sweet taste

Question 16

*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue

lateral sides, but more caudal to the area occupied by sweet taste buds.

Answer 16

Salty and sour taste

Question 17

*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue

caudal portion of the tongue

Answer 17

Bitter taste

Question 18

*Which sense of taste?

Transduction is mediated by Na influx through the amiloride sensitive Na channel which induces depolarization.

Answer 18

Salty taste

Question 19

*Which sense of taste?

The transduction is mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor. Activation of this receptor will the two intracellular secondary messengers: IP3 and DAG. Ip3 will open Ca channels and Na channels. The influx of these ions will cause membrane depolarization.

Answer 19

Sweet taste

Question 20

The taste cells on the tongue are innervated by what neurons

Answer 20

bipolar neurons

Question 21

What are the two cranial nerves that contribute
axons in the taste cells on the tongue which are innervated by bipolar neurons

Answer 21

facial (VII) nerve

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 22

The central structures that receive olfactory signals? These areas also send olfactory signals to the hippocampus and frontal cortex.

Answer 22

amygdala

entorhinal cortex