10 Olfaction and Gustation Flashcards
is an animal’s primary special sense, and is far more sensitive than that of humans.
Olfaction (smell)
is the sensation induced by the binding of chemical molecules with receptors.
Gustation (taste)
The olfactory system consists of
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
lateral olfactory gyrus
piriform lobe
is essential for the localization of food, reflex-stimulated secretion of digestive enzymes, and detection of danger.
Olfaction
-are part of the specialized olfactory epithelium found on the ethmo turbinate bones of the nasal cavity.
-give rise to the olfactory nerve fibers that terminate in the olfactory bulb.
olfactory cells
-the sensory neurons in the olfactory mucosa
-These neurons terminate as an olfactory knob with each olfactory knob giving rise to 10-20 cilia.
bipolar neurons
protein that is thought to carry or concentrate the odorant molecules.
olfactory-binding protein
The olfactory nerve fibers terminate in the
(ipsilateral) Olfactory bulb
Odorants bind to receptors on the:
Cilia of olfactory cells
Taste molecules bind to receptors on the:
Microvilli of receptor cells
What are the types of papillae of the taste buds
fungiform papillae
vallate papillae
foliate papillae
papillae that occupy the caudal portion of the dorsal tongue.
vallate papillae
papillae that are distributed throughout the dorsal surface of the rostral two-thirds of the tongue, especially along the lateral margins and the tip.
fungiform papillae
papillae that are present on the dorsolateral part of the caudal part of the tongue.
foliate papillae
*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue
rostral two- thirds of the dorsal surface of the tongue.
Meaty taste
*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue
rostral and lateral portions of the tongue
Sweet taste
*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue
lateral sides, but more caudal to the area occupied by sweet taste buds.
Salty and sour taste
*sense of taste and their corresponding locations in the tongue
caudal portion of the tongue
Bitter taste
*Which sense of taste?
Transduction is mediated by Na influx through the amiloride sensitive Na channel which induces depolarization.
Salty taste
*Which sense of taste?
The transduction is mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor. Activation of this receptor will the two intracellular secondary messengers: IP3 and DAG. Ip3 will open Ca channels and Na channels. The influx of these ions will cause membrane depolarization.
Sweet taste
The taste cells on the tongue are innervated by what neurons
bipolar neurons
What are the two cranial nerves that contribute
axons in the taste cells on the tongue which are innervated by bipolar neurons
facial (VII) nerve
glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
The central structures that receive olfactory signals? These areas also send olfactory signals to the hippocampus and frontal cortex.
amygdala
entorhinal cortex
