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Biology Paper 1 > 2.2 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

2.2 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are Carbohydrates used for?

A
  • Providing Energy
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Moving Around
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2
Q

What are Lipids used for?

A
  • Providing Energy
  • Being Stored as Fat
  • Keeping us Warm by Insulating our Body
  • Protecting our Organs
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3
Q

What are Proteins used for?

A
  • Growth
  • Repairing Damaged Tissues
  • Energy in Emergencies (If there is Insufficient Carbs/Lipids).
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4
Q

What is the Difference between Vitamins and Minerals?

A
  • Vitamins are Organic Molecules (Made by Living Organisms).
  • Minerals are Inorganic and typically much simpler.
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5
Q

What are Biological Molecules?

A
  • Molecules found in Living Organisms.
  • Produced by Cells.
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6
Q

What are the 3 Biological Molecules?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
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7
Q

What is the name for Simple Sugars?

A

Monomers

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8
Q

What do Carbohydrate Monomers join together to form?

A

Carbohydrate Polymers

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9
Q

What are 2 examples of Carbohydrate Monomers?

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
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10
Q

What are 2 examples of Carbohydrate Polymers?

A
  • Glycogen
  • Starch
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11
Q

What happens if the Chemical Bonds between Monomers in a Polymer are Broken?

A

The Complex Carbohydrate (Polymer) can be broken down into Simple Carbohydrates (Monomers).

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12
Q

What is Starch broken down into?

A

Glucose Molecules

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13
Q

How are Complex Carbohydrates broken down?

A

Enzymes in the Mouth and Small Intestine.

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14
Q

How are Proteins broken down into Amino Acids?

A
  • Enzymes in the Stomach and Small Intestine.
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15
Q

What are the two types of Lipids?

A
  • Fats (Lipid that is a Solid at RT)
  • Oils (Lipid that is a Liquid at RT)
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16
Q

How are Lipids broken down?

A

Enzymes in the Small Intestine.

17
Q

Why are Lipids not Polymers?

A

They are not formed from long chains of Monomers.

18
Q

What Enzyme breaks down Starch into Simple Sugars?

19
Q

Where in the body is Amylase made?

A
  • The Salivary Glands
  • The Pancreas
  • The Small Intestine
20
Q

What Enzyme breaks down Protein into Amino Acids?

21
Q

Where in the body is Protease made?

A
  • The Stomach (Pepsin)
  • The Pancreas
  • The Small Intestine
22
Q

What Enzyme breaks down Fats (Lipids)?

23
Q

What are Fats (Lipids) broken down into?

A
  • Glycerol
  • Fatty Acids
24
Q

Where in the body is Lipase made?

A
  • The Pancreas
  • The Small Intestine

Biology Paper 1 (22 decks)

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