22-23 - Hormones and The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Causes the egg to mature in the ovary

Stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen

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2
Q

Where does oestrogen come from?

A

The ovaries

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3
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Stops the production of FSH so that only one egg is matured in a cycle

Stimulates the pituitary gland so that LH is produced

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4
Q

Where does LH come from?

A

The pituitary gland

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5
Q

What does LH do?

A

Causes the mature egg to be released from the ovary

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6
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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7
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Lutenising hormone

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8
Q

Approximately when is the egg released in the cycle?

A

Day 14

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9
Q

When is oestrogen at its peak during an average 28 day cycle?

A

Around day 12

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10
Q

When is the womb lining shed?

A

Days 1 to 5

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11
Q

Which hormone causes the egg to mature?

A

FSH

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12
Q

Which hormone is released around day 5?

A

Oestrogen

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13
Q

How does FSH get to the ovaries?

A

Through blood

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14
Q

Which hormones are usually in the contraceptive pill?

A

Oestrogen or progesterone

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15
Q

On which day is LH released?

A

Day 14

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16
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Maintains the uterus lining during the middle of the cycle and pregnancy

17
Q

Where does FSH come from?

A

The pituitary gland

18
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messages carried in blood plasma which activate target cells

19
Q

Where do hormones come from?

20
Q

What are the differences between nerves and hormones?

A

Nerves are faster, more short term, and more precisely targeted

21
Q

Describe the four stages of the menstrual cycle

A

Day 1 - bleeding

Day 4 - lining rebuilds

Day 14 - egg release

Day 28 - bleeding if egg not fertilised

22
Q

Which hormone can prevent the release of an egg?

23
Q

How can progesterone control fertility?

A

Maintain thick mucus to prevent sperm from passing through to egg

24
Q

Benefits of the contraceptive pill

A

Over 99% effective st preventing pregnancy

Prevents some cancers

25
Risks of contraceptive pill
Not 100% effective May cause headaches, nausea, blood clots Doesn't protect against STDs
26
Which hormones may be used to increase fertility?
FSH and LH
27
What happens if FSH levels are low?
No eggs are released
28
What are the drawbacks of using hormone injections to increase fertility?
Expensive Multiple pregnancies May have an adverse reaction