22-23 - Hormones and The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

What does FSH do?

Answer 1

Causes the egg to mature in the ovary

Stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen

Question 2

Where does oestrogen come from?

Answer 2

The ovaries

Question 3

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 3

Stops the production of FSH so that only one egg is matured in a cycle

Stimulates the pituitary gland so that LH is produced

Question 4

Where does LH come from?

Answer 4

The pituitary gland

Question 5

What does LH do?

Answer 5

Causes the mature egg to be released from the ovary

Question 6

What does FSH stand for?

Answer 6

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 7

What does LH stand for?

Answer 7

Lutenising hormone

Question 8

Approximately when is the egg released in the cycle?

Answer 8

Day 14

Question 9

When is oestrogen at its peak during an average 28 day cycle?

Answer 9

Around day 12

Question 10

When is the womb lining shed?

Answer 10

Days 1 to 5

Question 11

Which hormone causes the egg to mature?

Answer 11

FSH

Question 12

Which hormone is released around day 5?

Answer 12

Oestrogen

Question 13

How does FSH get to the ovaries?

Answer 13

Through blood

Question 14

Which hormones are usually in the contraceptive pill?

Answer 14

Oestrogen or progesterone

Question 15

On which day is LH released?

Answer 15

Day 14

Question 16

What does progesterone do?

Answer 16

Maintains the uterus lining during the middle of the cycle and pregnancy

Question 17

Where does FSH come from?

Answer 17

The pituitary gland

Question 18

What are hormones?

Answer 18

Chemical messages carried in blood plasma which activate target cells

Question 19

Where do hormones come from?

Answer 19

Glands

Question 20

What are the differences between nerves and hormones?

Answer 20

Nerves are faster, more short term, and more precisely targeted

Question 21

Describe the four stages of the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

Day 1 - bleeding

Day 4 - lining rebuilds

Day 14 - egg release

Day 28 - bleeding if egg not fertilised

Question 22

Which hormone can prevent the release of an egg?

Answer 22

Oestrogen

Question 23

How can progesterone control fertility?

Answer 23

Maintain thick mucus to prevent sperm from passing through to egg

Question 24

Benefits of the contraceptive pill

Answer 24

Over 99% effective st preventing pregnancy

Prevents some cancers

Question 25

Risks of contraceptive pill

Answer 25

Not 100% effective

May cause headaches, nausea, blood clots

Doesn’t protect against STDs

Question 26

Which hormones may be used to increase fertility?

Answer 26

FSH and LH

Question 27

What happens if FSH levels are low?

Answer 27

No eggs are released

Question 28

What are the drawbacks of using hormone injections to increase fertility?

Answer 28

Expensive

Multiple pregnancies

May have an adverse reaction