2.1.4 Enzymes Flashcards
Enzyme
A globular protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in living things, without them being changed themselves.
Protein
Strings/ chains of amino acids
Amino acid
Organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Intracellular
An enzyme that functions within a cell in which it was produced.
Extracellular
An enzyme that is secreted by a cell and completes its functions outside of the cell.
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without participating in it. ( it is not used up)
Specific
The ability of an enzyme to choose an exact substrate by using complementary active sites.
Active site
Part of enzyme where chemical reactions take place.
Enzyme-substrate complex
Forms when an enzyme and a substrate joins successfully.
Activation energy
The minimum energy needed for a reaction to occure.
Lock and key hypothesis
A specific action of an enzyme, that has a complementary shape to the substrate, binds.
Induced fit hypothesis
A substrate or enzyme can change slightly to ensure a perfect fit.
Substrate
A molecule which fits and interacts with an enzyme.
Concentration
The amount of a solute in a specific volume of substance.
Temperature
Proportional to the kinetic energy provided to something.
pH
How alkaline/ acidic something is.
Rate of reaction
The speed at which reactants are converted to products.
Denature
When an enzyme has lost its shape and cannot be fixed.
Competitive inhibitor`
A substance that reduces the rate of enzyme activity by binding to an active site. This is reversible.
Non-competitive inhibitor
A substance that reduces the active enzyme by binding to part of the enzyme which changes the active site. This is irreversible.
Cofactor
A non-protein chemical compound that is required for enzyme activity as a catylist.
Coenzyme
A non-protein component sometimes required to allow an enzyme to set in motion a catalytic reaction.
Temperature coefficient (Q10)
A measurement of the rate of change of a biological or chemical reaction.
