2.1.4 Enzymes

Question 1

Enzyme

Answer 1

A globular protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in living things, without them being changed themselves.

Question 2

Protein

Answer 2

Strings/ chains of amino acids

Question 3

Amino acid

Answer 3

Organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

Question 4

Intracellular

Answer 4

An enzyme that functions within a cell in which it was produced.

Question 5

Extracellular

Answer 5

An enzyme that is secreted by a cell and completes its functions outside of the cell.

Question 6

Catalyst

Answer 6

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without participating in it. ( it is not used up)

Question 7

Specific

Answer 7

The ability of an enzyme to choose an exact substrate by using complementary active sites.

Question 8

Active site

Answer 8

Part of enzyme where chemical reactions take place.

Question 9

Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 9

Forms when an enzyme and a substrate joins successfully.

Question 10

Activation energy

Answer 10

The minimum energy needed for a reaction to occure.

Question 11

Lock and key hypothesis

Answer 11

A specific action of an enzyme, that has a complementary shape to the substrate, binds.

Question 12

Induced fit hypothesis

Answer 12

A substrate or enzyme can change slightly to ensure a perfect fit.

Question 13

Substrate

Answer 13

A molecule which fits and interacts with an enzyme.

Question 14

Concentration

Answer 14

The amount of a solute in a specific volume of substance.

Question 15

Temperature

Answer 15

Proportional to the kinetic energy provided to something.

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

How alkaline/ acidic something is.

Question 17

Rate of reaction

Answer 17

The speed at which reactants are converted to products.

Question 18

Denature

Answer 18

When an enzyme has lost its shape and cannot be fixed.

Question 19

Competitive inhibitor`

Answer 19

A substance that reduces the rate of enzyme activity by binding to an active site. This is reversible.

Question 20

Non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 20

A substance that reduces the active enzyme by binding to part of the enzyme which changes the active site. This is irreversible.

Question 21

Cofactor

Answer 21

A non-protein chemical compound that is required for enzyme activity as a catylist.

Question 22

Coenzyme

Answer 22

A non-protein component sometimes required to allow an enzyme to set in motion a catalytic reaction.

Question 23

Temperature coefficient (Q10)

Answer 23

A measurement of the rate of change of a biological or chemical reaction.