2.1.3 Nucleotides Flashcards
Hydrogen bonding
Electrostatic forces of attraction between hydrogen atoms which is covalently bound to another atom or group.
Amino acid
A simple organic compound containing both a carboxylic and amino group. Join to make a protein.
Peptide bond
Covalent bond linking two alpha amino acids from C1 to N2 of another peptide or protein chain.
Condensation reaction
When two molecules react and loose/ produce 2 hydrogen molecules and an oxygen, releasing water.
Hydrolysis reaction
Water is added to the reaction to separate a bond between two molecules.
Dipeptide
A peptide composed of two amino acids.
Polypeptide
A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino acids bonded together.
Primary structure
Linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
Secondary structure
Hydrogen bonds cause protein to either coil into an alpha helix or fold into a beta pleated sheet.
Tertiary structure
The chains interact and amino acids form bonds causing the chain to become closer and less chain like.
Quaternary structure
Arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits which brings the chains in and compacts them.
Globular protein
Spherical proteins that are water soluble. Enzymes are globular proteins.
Fibrous protein
A protein with an elongated shape which provides support for cells and tissues as these proteins form long fibres.
DNA
Composed of two chains coiled to give a double helix structure that carries genetic information.
RNA
A ribonucleic acid that acts as a messenger, carrying instructions from DNA for controlling protein synthesis
