2.1.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Jelly like substance in the cell where reactions take place.

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

Surrounds the cell and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

A rigid structure surrounding plant cells.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Controls the cells activities and allows for RNA to exit.

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

A structure within nucleus that produces ribosomes.

Question 6

Nuclear membrane

Answer 6

Membrane that surrounds nucleus which has pores to let substances in and out.

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

An organelle free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and is the site of protein synthesis.

Question 8

Lysosome

Answer 8

A round organelle which contains digestive enzymes that breakdown worn out organelles, food particles and bacteria.

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Nucleic acids in a thread structure which consists of proteins and a single DNA.

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

DNA wrapped around histone proteins.

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 11

Tubules within cytoplasm that synthesise lipids.

Question 12

Rough ER (RER)

Answer 12

A system of membranes with their surface being covered with ribosomes. These process proteins for secretion.

Question 13

Smooth ER (SER)

Answer 13

Synthesises and processes lipids including some hormones.

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Receives proteins from RER, lipids from SER then modifies them and turns them into vesicles. They also make ribosomes.

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Made up of microtubules and microfilaments in order to keep cell structure.

Question 16

Microtubule

Answer 16

Made up of tubules and provides shape and support for the cell.

Question 17

Microfilament

Answer 17

Made of actin and give support and mechanical strength to the cell.

Question 18

Spindle apparatus

Answer 18

The cytoskeleton that forms during cell division to split the sister chromatids between daughter cells.

Question 19

Mitochondrion

Answer 19

The site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced.

Question 20

Chloroplast

Answer 20

Have pigments known as chlorophyll which absorbs and traps light used for photosynthesis.

Question 21

Vesicle

Answer 21

Transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles. Some are formed by the golgi apparatus or at the cell surface.

Question 22

Centriole

Answer 22

Pairs of cylinders that aid the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Question 23

Flagellum

Answer 23

Tail that allows a cell to swim.

Question 24

Cilium

Answer 24

A hair like structure that moves to brush things/ debre in a certain direction.

Question 25

Undulipodium

Answer 25

An organelle such as flagella and cilia with a 9 + 2 structure.

Question 26

Microscope

Answer 26

A piece of equipment with lenses used to magnify a specimen, aided by a light.

Question 27

Microscopy

Answer 27

Using a microscope to view things that are too small to be detected by the human eye.

Question 28

Micrograph

Answer 28

A photograph captured by using a microscope.

Question 29

Magnification

Answer 29

How many times bigger an image appears compared to the actual size of the specimen.

Question 30

Resolution

Answer 30

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two points that are close together.

Question 31

Eukaryote

Answer 31

A cell that has many organelles and a true membrane bound nucleus.

Question 32

Prokaryote

Answer 32

A cell that only has a few organelles with no true nucleus and its DNA is in loops.

Question 33

Plasmodesma

Answer 33

Channels that connect plant cells.

Question 34

Vacuole

Answer 34

An organelle found in a plant that provides the cell with structure.

Question 35

Magnification equation

Answer 35

image size / object size