2.1.1 Cell Structure Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance in the cell where reactions take place.
Plasma membrane
Surrounds the cell and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell wall
A rigid structure surrounding plant cells.
Nucleus
Controls the cells activities and allows for RNA to exit.
Nucleolus
A structure within nucleus that produces ribosomes.
Nuclear membrane
Membrane that surrounds nucleus which has pores to let substances in and out.
Ribosome
An organelle free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and is the site of protein synthesis.
Lysosome
A round organelle which contains digestive enzymes that breakdown worn out organelles, food particles and bacteria.
Chromosome
Nucleic acids in a thread structure which consists of proteins and a single DNA.
Chromatin
DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Tubules within cytoplasm that synthesise lipids.
Rough ER (RER)
A system of membranes with their surface being covered with ribosomes. These process proteins for secretion.
Smooth ER (SER)
Synthesises and processes lipids including some hormones.
Golgi apparatus
Receives proteins from RER, lipids from SER then modifies them and turns them into vesicles. They also make ribosomes.
Cytoskeleton
Made up of microtubules and microfilaments in order to keep cell structure.
Microtubule
Made up of tubules and provides shape and support for the cell.
Microfilament
Made of actin and give support and mechanical strength to the cell.
Spindle apparatus
The cytoskeleton that forms during cell division to split the sister chromatids between daughter cells.
Mitochondrion
The site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced.
Chloroplast
Have pigments known as chlorophyll which absorbs and traps light used for photosynthesis.
Vesicle
Transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles. Some are formed by the golgi apparatus or at the cell surface.
Centriole
Pairs of cylinders that aid the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Flagellum
Tail that allows a cell to swim.
Cilium
A hair like structure that moves to brush things/ debre in a certain direction.
Undulipodium
An organelle such as flagella and cilia with a 9 + 2 structure.
Microscope
A piece of equipment with lenses used to magnify a specimen, aided by a light.
Microscopy
Using a microscope to view things that are too small to be detected by the human eye.
Micrograph
A photograph captured by using a microscope.
Magnification
How many times bigger an image appears compared to the actual size of the specimen.
Resolution
The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two points that are close together.
Eukaryote
A cell that has many organelles and a true membrane bound nucleus.
Prokaryote
A cell that only has a few organelles with no true nucleus and its DNA is in loops.
Plasmodesma
Channels that connect plant cells.
Vacuole
An organelle found in a plant that provides the cell with structure.
Magnification equation
image size / object size
