2105 midterms Flashcards
has grown increasingly popular as the commercial aviation industry realize that human error, rather than mechanical failure, underlies most aviation accidents and incidents.
Human Factors
multidisciplinary fields incorporating contributions from psychology, engineering, industrial design, statistics, operations research, and anthropometry
human factors science or technologies
human factors is a term that covers what
the science of understanding the properties of human capability, the application of this understanding to the design, development, and deployment of systems and services, and the art of ensuring successful application of human factor principles into the maintenance working environment.
aviation maintenance tasks that do not account for the vast amount of human limitations can result in
technical error and injuries
10 different disciplines of human factors
Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Anthropometrics, Computer Science, Cognitive Science, Safety Engineering, Medical Science, Organizational Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Industrial Engineering.
includes the study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.
clinical psychology
It focuses on the mental well-being of the individual.
clinical psychology
can help individuals deal with stress, coping mechanisms for adverse situations, poor self-image, and accepting criticism from coworkers
clinical psychology
includes the study of a variety of basic behavioral processes, often in a laboratory environment.
experimental psychology
These processes may include learning, sensation, perception, human performance, motivation, memory, language, thinking, and communication, as well as the physiological processes underlying behaviors, such as eating, reading, and problem solving.
experimental psychology
study of the dimensions and abilities of the human body. This is essential to aviation maintenance due to the environment and spaces that AMTs have to work with.
anthropometrics
the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.
computer science
interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processors. It includes research on how information is processed (in faculties such as perception, language, reasoning, and emotion), represented, and transformed in a nervous system or machine (e.g., computer).
cognitive science
interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processors. It includes research on how information is processed (in faculties such as perception, language, reasoning, and emotion), represented, and transformed in a nervous system or machine (e.g., computer).
cognitive science
assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed even when the component fails. Ideally, safety engineers take an early design of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur, and then propose safety requirements in design specifications up front and changes to existing systems to make the system safer.
safety engineering
is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Disposition and physical well-being are very important and directly correlated to human factors.
medicine / medicinal science
concerned with relations between people and work. their interests include organizational structure and organizational change, worker’s productivity and job satisfaction, consumer behavior, and the selection, placement, training, and development of personnel.
organizational psychology
study how people learn and design the methods and materials used to educate people of all ages. Everyone learns differently and at a different pace. Supervisors should design blocks of instruction that relate to a wide variety of learning styles.
educational psychologists
is the organized approach to the study of work. It is important for supervisors to set reasonable work standards that can be met and exceeded.
industrial engineering
when and who began research in the area of anthropometrics
1487, Leonardo Di Vinci
can be described as one of the earliest sources presenting guidelines for anthropometry
The Vitruvian Man
plays a considerable role in the fields of computer design, design for access and maintainability, simplicity of instructions, and ergonomics issues.
anthropometry
who and when were trying to reduce human error in medicine.
early 1900s Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth developed what when communicating in the operating room
call backs
who were the first to fly a powered aircraft and also pioneered many human factors considerations
Orville and Wilbur Wright
where and when did the Wright brothers fly the wright flyer
December 17, 1903 dunes at Kitty Hawk
used as a memory jogger, or mnemonic, to characterize human factors in aviation maintenance
“PEAR”
PEAR prompts recall of the four important considerations for human factors programs, which are:
- People who do the job
- Environment in which they work
- Actions they perform
- Resources necessary to complete the job
Aviation maintenance human factors programs focus on the people who perform the work and address ____
physical, physiological, psychological, and psychosocial factors.
physical factors
physical size
sex
age
strength
sensory limitations
psychological
workload
experience
knowledge
training
attitude
mental or emotional state
physiological
nutritional factors
health
lifestyle
fatigue chemical dependency
psychosocial
interpersonal conflicts
the company must consider factors like each
person’s size, strength, age, eyesight, and more to ensure each person is physically capable of performing all the tasks making up the job.
important element when incorporating human factors into job design
planned rest breaks
There are at least two environments in aviation maintenance
physical environment, organizational environment
It includes ranges of temperature, humidity, lighting, noise control, cleanliness, and workplace design. Companies must acknowledge these conditions and cooperate with the workforce to either accommodate or change the physical environment
physical environment
The important factors in an organizational environment are typically related to cooperation, communication, shared values, mutual respect, and the culture of the company. An excellent organizational environment is promoted with leadership, communication, and shared goals associated with safety, profitability, and other key factors.
organizational environment
standard human factors approach to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to perform each task in a given job.
Job task analysis
helps identify what instructions, tools, and other resources are necessary. Adherence to this helps ensure each worker is properly trained and each workplace has the necessary equipment and other resources to perform the job.
Job task analysis
the characteristics of the people, environment, and actions dictate the
resources
anything a technician (or anyone else) needs to get the job done.
resources
these twelve factors, also known as the “dirty dozen” were eventually adopted by the aviation industry as a
straight forward means to discuss human error in maintenance.
dirty dozen ano ginagawa sa kanila
It is important to know the dirty dozen,
how to recognize their symptoms,
and most importantly, know how to avoid or contain errors produced by the dirty dozen.
Failure to transmit, receive, or provide enough information to complete a task.
Never assume anything.
Only 30% of verbal communication is received and understood by either side in a conversation. Others
usually remember the first and last part of what you say.
lack of communication
Overconfidence from repeated experience performing a task.
complacency
Shortage of the training, information, and/or ability to successfully perform.
lack of knowledge
Anything that draws your attention away from the task at hand.
Distractions are the #1 cause of forgetting things, including what has or has not been done in a maintenance task.
distraction
Failure to work together to complete a shared goal.
lack of teamwork
Physical or mental exhaustion threatening work performance.
fatigue
Not having enough people, equipment, documentation, time, parts, etc., to complete a task.
lack of resources
Real or perceived forces demanding high-level job performance
pressure
Failure to speak up or document concerns about instructions, orders, or the actions of others
lack of assertiveness
A physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes physical or mental tension.
stress
Failure to recognize a situation, understand what it is, and predict the possible results.
lack of awareness
Expected, yet unwritten, rules of behavior.
norms
is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. It is a graphical tool that instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and structure knowledge.
concept map or conceptual diagram
structured process used to investigate events caused by maintenance technician and/or inspector performance.
maintenance error decision aid
