2105 midterms

Question 1

has grown increasingly popular as the commercial aviation industry realize that human error, rather than mechanical failure, underlies most aviation accidents and incidents.

Answer 1

Human Factors

Question 2

multidisciplinary fields incorporating contributions from psychology, engineering, industrial design, statistics, operations research, and anthropometry

Answer 2

human factors science or technologies

Question 3

human factors is a term that covers what

Answer 3

the science of understanding the properties of human capability, the application of this understanding to the design, development, and deployment of systems and services, and the art of ensuring successful application of human factor principles into the maintenance working environment.

Question 4

aviation maintenance tasks that do not account for the vast amount of human limitations can result in

Answer 4

technical error and injuries

Question 5

10 different disciplines of human factors

Answer 5

Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Anthropometrics, Computer Science, Cognitive Science, Safety Engineering, Medical Science, Organizational Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Industrial Engineering.

Question 6

includes the study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.

Answer 6

clinical psychology

Question 7

It focuses on the mental well-being of the individual.

Answer 7

clinical psychology

Question 8

can help individuals deal with stress, coping mechanisms for adverse situations, poor self-image, and accepting criticism from coworkers

Answer 8

clinical psychology

Question 9

includes the study of a variety of basic behavioral processes, often in a laboratory environment.

Answer 9

experimental psychology

Question 10

These processes may include learning, sensation, perception, human performance, motivation, memory, language, thinking, and communication, as well as the physiological processes underlying behaviors, such as eating, reading, and problem solving.

Answer 10

experimental psychology

Question 11

study of the dimensions and abilities of the human body. This is essential to aviation maintenance due to the environment and spaces that AMTs have to work with.

Answer 11

anthropometrics

Question 12

the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.

Answer 12

computer science

Question 13

interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processors. It includes research on how information is processed (in faculties such as perception, language, reasoning, and emotion), represented, and transformed in a nervous system or machine (e.g., computer).

Answer 13

cognitive science

Question 14

interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processors. It includes research on how information is processed (in faculties such as perception, language, reasoning, and emotion), represented, and transformed in a nervous system or machine (e.g., computer).

Answer 14

cognitive science

Question 15

assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed even when the component fails. Ideally, safety engineers take an early design of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur, and then propose safety requirements in design specifications up front and changes to existing systems to make the system safer.

Answer 15

safety engineering

Question 16

is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Disposition and physical well-being are very important and directly correlated to human factors.

Answer 16

medicine / medicinal science

Question 17

concerned with relations between people and work. their interests include organizational structure and organizational change, worker’s productivity and job satisfaction, consumer behavior, and the selection, placement, training, and development of personnel.

Answer 17

organizational psychology

Question 18

study how people learn and design the methods and materials used to educate people of all ages. Everyone learns differently and at a different pace. Supervisors should design blocks of instruction that relate to a wide variety of learning styles.

Answer 18

educational psychologists

Question 19

is the organized approach to the study of work. It is important for supervisors to set reasonable work standards that can be met and exceeded.

Answer 19

industrial engineering

Question 20

when and who began research in the area of anthropometrics

Answer 20

1487, Leonardo Di Vinci

Question 21

can be described as one of the earliest sources presenting guidelines for anthropometry

Answer 21

The Vitruvian Man

Question 22

plays a considerable role in the fields of computer design, design for access and maintainability, simplicity of instructions, and ergonomics issues.

Answer 22

anthropometry

Question 23

who and when were trying to reduce human error in medicine.

Answer 23

early 1900s Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

Question 24

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth developed what when communicating in the operating room

Answer 24

call backs

Question 25

who were the first to fly a powered aircraft and also pioneered many human factors considerations

Answer 25

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Question 26

where and when did the Wright brothers fly the wright flyer

Answer 26

December 17, 1903 dunes at Kitty Hawk

Question 27

used as a memory jogger, or mnemonic, to characterize human factors in aviation maintenance

Answer 27

"PEAR"

Question 28

PEAR prompts recall of the four important considerations for human factors programs, which are:

Answer 28

- People who do the job - Environment in which they work - Actions they perform - Resources necessary to complete the job

Question 29

Aviation maintenance human factors programs focus on the people who perform the work and address ____

Answer 29

physical, physiological, psychological, and psychosocial factors.

Question 30

physical factors

Answer 30

physical size sex age strength sensory limitations

Question 31

psychological

Answer 31

workload experience knowledge training attitude mental or emotional state

Question 32

physiological

Answer 32

nutritional factors health lifestyle fatigue chemical dependency

Question 33

psychosocial

Answer 33

interpersonal conflicts

Question 34

the company must consider factors like each

Answer 34

person's size, strength, age, eyesight, and more to ensure each person is physically capable of performing all the tasks making up the job.

Question 35

important element when incorporating human factors into job design

Answer 35

planned rest breaks

Question 36

There are at least two environments in aviation maintenance

Answer 36

physical environment, organizational environment

Question 37

It includes ranges of temperature, humidity, lighting, noise control, cleanliness, and workplace design. Companies must acknowledge these conditions and cooperate with the workforce to either accommodate or change the physical environment

Answer 37

physical environment

Question 38

The important factors in an organizational environment are typically related to cooperation, communication, shared values, mutual respect, and the culture of the company. An excellent organizational environment is promoted with leadership, communication, and shared goals associated with safety, profitability, and other key factors.

Answer 38

organizational environment

Question 39

standard human factors approach to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to perform each task in a given job.

Answer 39

Job task analysis

Question 40

helps identify what instructions, tools, and other resources are necessary. Adherence to this helps ensure each worker is properly trained and each workplace has the necessary equipment and other resources to perform the job.

Answer 40

Job task analysis

Question 41

the characteristics of the people, environment, and actions dictate the

Answer 41

resources

Question 42

anything a technician (or anyone else) needs to get the job done.

Answer 42

resources

Question 43

these twelve factors, also known as the "dirty dozen" were eventually adopted by the aviation industry as a

Answer 43

straight forward means to discuss human error in maintenance.

Question 44

dirty dozen ano ginagawa sa kanila

Answer 44

It is important to know the dirty dozen, how to recognize their symptoms, and most importantly, know how to avoid or contain errors produced by the dirty dozen.

Question 45

Failure to transmit, receive, or provide enough information to complete a task. Never assume anything. Only 30% of verbal communication is received and understood by either side in a conversation. Others usually remember the first and last part of what you say.

Answer 45

lack of communication

Question 46

Overconfidence from repeated experience performing a task.

Answer 46

complacency

Question 47

Shortage of the training, information, and/or ability to successfully perform.

Answer 47

lack of knowledge

Question 48

Anything that draws your attention away from the task at hand. Distractions are the #1 cause of forgetting things, including what has or has not been done in a maintenance task.

Answer 48

distraction

Question 49

Failure to work together to complete a shared goal.

Answer 49

lack of teamwork

Question 50

Physical or mental exhaustion threatening work performance.

Answer 50

fatigue

Question 51

Not having enough people, equipment, documentation, time, parts, etc., to complete a task.

Answer 51

lack of resources

Question 52

Real or perceived forces demanding high-level job performance

Answer 52

pressure

Question 53

Failure to speak up or document concerns about instructions, orders, or the actions of others

Answer 53

lack of assertiveness

Question 54

A physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes physical or mental tension.

Answer 54

stress

Question 55

Failure to recognize a situation, understand what it is, and predict the possible results.

Answer 55

lack of awareness

Question 56

Expected, yet unwritten, rules of behavior.

Answer 56

norms

Question 57

is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. It is a graphical tool that instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and structure knowledge.

Answer 57

concept map or conceptual diagram

Question 58

structured process used to investigate events caused by maintenance technician and/or inspector performance.

Answer 58

maintenance error decision aid