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History - FR > 21. The Directory > Flashcards

21. The Directory Flashcards

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1
Q

3 reasons why Directory survived longer than any other revolutionary regime?

A

committed to restoring law
few wanted to return to Terror
the army supported them

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2
Q

When was the Babeuf Plot?

A

1796

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3
Q

Why did Gracchus Babeuf dislike constitution?

A

it gave power to the wealthy and he wanted a way of life where everyone was equal

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4
Q

How did Babeuf want to try and achieve equality?

A

bring communal management of property and abolish private possessions

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5
Q

When and what was Babeuf’s plan to overthrow the Directory?

A

March 1796 - Conspiracy of equals

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6
Q

What did the Conspiracy of Equals do?

A

persuaded army and police to provide armed force to seize power

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7
Q

What happened to Babeuf?

A

arrested in 1796 and executed following year

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8
Q

When was the Coup D’etat of Fructidor?

A

1797

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9
Q

What did elections of 1797 show a shift towards?

A

Monarchists

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10
Q

In 1797 - Why was the Directory losing support?

A

Monarchists were beginning to take over seats and they were losing support from Bourgeoisie

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11
Q

What were the three main events of the Coup D’etat?

A
  1. two committed republicans in directory wanted to stop monarchists and help from army
  2. Bonaparte sent troops to Paris to support them
  3. 3-4th Sept 1979 - troops seized strong points in Paris and arrested Carnot and Barthlememy
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12
Q

What did the Coup D’Etat end?

A

the parliamentary government and the Constitution of Year III

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13
Q

What did the Terror after Fructidor do? (3)

A

took action against emgires and refractory priests
clergy were required to take oath rejecting support for royals
non-juring priests were deported

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14
Q

What three events happened in France’s economy under Directory?

A

issued new paper known as Mandats Territriaux - soon lost value
decline in purchasing power
resulted in deflation

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15
Q

In September 1797 what happened to the National Debt?

A

two thirds of it was renounced by one-off payment to debt holders

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16
Q

Who was in charge of tax policies under the Directory?

A

Ramel

17
Q

When did the Directory rule from?

A

1795-99

18
Q

In the first two years - what did the Directory try and rid of?

A

Jacobin Terror

19
Q

What did the Directory replace?

A

The committee of Public Safety

20
Q

What did Ramel’s policies achieve?

A

He was able to balance the budget for the 1st time since the revolution began

21
Q

What was France’s first war success in 1794?

A

Battle of Fleurus in Austrian Netherlands

22
Q

What three events occurred during war in 1794-9

A
  1. Prussia made peace with France
  2. Conquered Rhineland and crossed into Spain
  3. Treaty of Basel was signed
23
Q

What did the Treaty of Basel mean and when was it signed?

A

1795 - Prussia handed over territory of left bank of Rhine in exchange for land on the right bank

24
Q

In terms of war - what was France’s aim in 1796?

A

to defeat Austria

25
Q

Who was the command of the Italian campaign given to?

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

26
Q

What did Napoleon achieve in Italy?

A

In under a month he defeated Austria and entered Milan

27
Q

What did France hope in terms of conquering Britain?

A

They needed to control the seas first and hoped that Danish and Spanish fleets would help them

28
Q

What happened to Napoleon in Egypt 1798?

A

He had the aim of attacking British trade routes but was defeated

29
Q

What did Napoleons defeat in Egypt 1798 lead to?

A

Gave other countries idea to take up against France

30
Q

When was the Second Coalition formed?

A

December 1798 -

31
Q

Which countries formed the Second Coalition?

A

Britain, Russia, Austria, Turkey, Portugal, Naples

32
Q

When did France declare war on Austria and why?

A

March 1799 - for letting Russian troops move across its territory

33
Q

Why did French withdraw from whole of Italy?

A

They were becoming badly defeated - had been pushed back to the Rhine and Russians had advanced through Northern Italy

History - FR (24 decks)

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