20. Thermidorian Reaction

Question 1

Who were the people who overthrew Robespierre called?

Answer 1

Thermidorians

Question 2

What groups made up the Thermidorians?

Answer 2

CPS, CGS and deputies of the plain

Question 3

How did the Convention go about the dismantling of the Terror?

Answer 3

abolished the revolutionary tribunal

released all of the suspects from prison

Question 4

When was the commune abolished?

Answer 4

1795

Question 5

What was the Separation of the church and state?

Answer 5

republic legally committed religious neutrality

Question 6

Why did the Thermidorians want to remove price controls?

Answer 6

they favoured the free market

Question 7

When was the maximum abolished?

Answer 7

1794

Question 8

Which winter was severe in terms of famine and poor harvest?

Answer 8

1794-5

Question 9

What was Germinal?

Answer 9

demonstration April 1795 w/ people demanding bread

Question 10

What was Prairial?

Answer 10

Large uprising in Paris - again demanding bread

Question 11

How was the demonstration resolved?

Answer 11

when the convention accepted the petition and set up food committees

Question 12

What did Prairial mark?

Answer 12

the end of the sans-culottes as political and military power

Question 13

2 reasons why Prairial failed?

Answer 13

Workers in Paris were divided

Politically inexperienced

Question 14

What was the White Terror?

Answer 14

attack on ex-terrorists and all who had benefitted from the revolution by those who suffered from it

Question 15

Who were the ‘Whites’ classified as?

Answer 15

victims of the revolutionary tribunals

Question 16

Who were the Whites fighting against?

Answer 16

Jacobins and sans-culottes

Question 17

What was the Chouan?

Answer 17

Guerrilla groups operating in the Vendee

Question 18

What constitution did the Thermidorians want?

Answer 18

main features of the 1789 - freedom

Question 19

When was the new constitution agreed?

Answer 19

1795

Question 20

2 main features of the new constitution?

Answer 20

men over 21 who paid direct taxation could vote

separated legislature and executive

Question 21

2 ways the legislature was divided?

Answer 21

Council of 5 hundred - initiate legislation

Council of Ancients - approve legislation

Question 22

What was the executive meant to be?

Answer 22

Directory of 5

Question 23

What 2 weaknesses did the new constitution have?

Answer 23

yearly elections = stability

no way to resolve conflict

Question 24

When was the new constitution of Year III agreed?

Answer 24

1795

Question 25

What did the constitutional monarchists want?

Answer 25

Louis XVI’s brother on the throne

Question 26

What was the Verona Declaration?

Answer 26

reactionary statement issued by new heir to throne promising to reverse many gains of revolution

Question 27

When did royalists march on the convention and why?

Answer 27

October 1795 to march on convention and seize power