21 - Society In Elizabethan England

Question 1

How did Elizabethan england have continuity with nobles

Answer 1

Great landowners
Dominant political and social role
Senior military positions

Question 2

How was there change in the role of nobles in elizabethan england

Answer 2

No dukedom’s created after 1572
Indulged in massive house building projects
Less opportunity to fill a military role

Question 3

How was there continuity in the role of gentry in Elizabethan england

Answer 3

Included a wide social range (knights, gentlemen, enquires)

Prominent in local government by 1570

Serves as MP’s

Question 4

How was their change in the role of gentry in elizabethan england

Answer 4

Growth in numbers

Landed incomes increased

Question 5

How was their continuity for the bulk of population in elizabethan england

Answer 5

Mostly lived in rural areas
Low standards of living
Population growth

Question 6

How was there change for the population in elizabethan england

Answer 6

Growing mercantile and professional classes in towns, with political influence sometimes bought land and entered ranks of the gentry

Some families ‘married up’ increasing social mobility

Widening gap between rich and poor (60% of population below poverty line)

Decline in real wages

Increase in landless poor

Question 7

Name the key acts that provided poor relief

Answer 7

1572 act required local ratepayers to pay a rate for the relief of their own poor.
1576 act required towns to make provision for employment for the deserving poor
1597/8 acr provided a code for poor relief establishing overseers of the poor
1601 elizabethan poor law -created a national system for poor relief

Question 8

What policies came as a result of the 1601 poor law

Answer 8

Each parish was required to raise the rates for, and administer poor relief through the overseer of the poor.
The impotent poor were to be cared for in a poor house
The able bodied poor were to be given work in a ‘house of industry’
The idle poor and variants sent to a ‘house of correction’ or prison.
Pauper children were to be apprenticed to a trade.

Question 9

The success of the poor law

Question 10

Was elizabethan england peaceful?

Answer 10

Re;actively
Trouble in Ireland
Northern rebellion

Question 11

What control of Ireland did Elizabeth want

Answer 11

Elizabeths government wanted to impose english control in both religious and secular matters.
Elizabeth was proclaimed supreme governor of the church of Ireland in 1560.

Question 12

Why was there problems with controlling Ireland

Answer 12

Was largely catholic
Most spoke Gaelic and had customs and laws that differed from englands
Difficult to enforce protestantism

Question 13

Why was there soured relations with Irish lords

Answer 13

The behaviour of english incomes and the frequent use of martial law

Question 14

What did the problems with Ireland cause for england and Ireland

Answer 14

Financial drain
Destroying and impoverishing much of Ireland
Left a legacy of bitterness among the native population.

Question 15

What conflict took place in Ireland 1569

Answer 15

Rebellion against english rule in the south

Question 16

What rebellion took place in Ireland 1579

Answer 16

Rebellion linked to a Spanish incursion into county Kerry. Brutally suppressed

Question 17

What rebellion took place in 1595

Answer 17

Earl of Tyrone led rebellion in Ulster linked to Anglo-Spanish war

Question 18

What battle took place in 1598

Answer 18

The battle of yellow ford
Rebels victorious
Tyrone and allied controlled most of Ireland ‘beyond the pale’

Question 19

Who was sent to be new lord lieutenant in 1599

Answer 19

Earl of Essex

Question 20

What impact did the Earl of Essex have

Answer 20

Made a truce with Tyrone against orders
Returned to court
Tyrone moved south hoping to link up with a Spanish army

Question 21

Who became lord lieutenant after essex

Answer 21

Lord Mountjoy

Question 22

What happened in Ireland 1601

Answer 22

Over 3000 Spanish troops landed in support of the rebellion, rebels defeated by Mountjoy

Question 23

What happened to relations with Ireland after elizabeths death

Answer 23

Peace concluded

Question 24

What was the situation with Wales when Elizabeth inherited the throne

Answer 24

Wales was well integrated into England although some linguistic and cultural differences remained

Question 25

How did the situation change with wales in elizabeths reign

Answer 25

Council of wales and the marches continued to police the border so conflict was no longer an issue.
The welsh language was no longer used in government.
The book of common prayer and the bible were translated into welsh, and welsh dictionaries and grammars were published.
Much of wales remained poor.

Question 26

What was english relations with Scotland like

Answer 26

For most part remained on reasonable terms with Scotland.

When rebellion broke out in 1569, some rebel leaders escaped to Scotland.

Order mostly maintained by the border lords while the council of the north based in york also tried to curb lawlessness on the border.

Question 27

What economic discontent was there

Answer 27

Economic discontent led to sporadic food riots.
The ‘Oxfordshire rising’ of 1596 was provoked by high food prices after harvest failure. Led ny four men desperate enough to seize weapons and march to London.
Authorities responded harshly.

Question 28

What social discontent there

Answer 28

Mainly a period of social stability
Still religious division
Bas after elizabeths excommunication 1570

Question 29

Who headed the Northern rebellion

Answer 29

The leading northern nobility
The ears or Northumberland and Westmorland
A largely noble rebellion

Question 30

When and where was the northern rebellion

Answer 30

Mainly in Durham and the North riding of Yorkshire in 1569

Subsequent rising in Cumberland in 1570

Question 31

Motives for the northern rebellion

Answer 31

Religious - north was more conservative than south and disliked the settlement

Succession - hoped for alternative future in form of MQS

Political - leaders resented exclusion from their traditional aristocratic role in the north

Economic - north was economically deprived, breeding resentments

Question 32

Why was the rebellion not successful

Answer 32

They suffered from clear lack of objectives, disorganisation and poor leadership.

They didnt get a mass popular following or foreign support.

The crown acted decisively

Question 33

How did the crown punish rebels

Answer 33

Ordered mass executions of the rebels
Northumberland executed and Westmorland exiled to the Spanish Netherlands
Crown took over rebel leaders lands

Question 34

What did the northern rebellion show

Answer 34

The governments lack of comprehension of the differences between north and south.
Council of north reconsirtuted in 1572 under the earl of Huntingdon