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Elizabeth > 20 - Elizabeth Foreign Policy > Flashcards

20 - Elizabeth Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Elizabeths status as a single woman create difficulties between her councillors, parliament and Elizabeth?

A

Meant the succession was at the forefront of their thinking.
The queen felt that the issue of marriage and succession lay with the royal prerogative and were not areas for discussion either in parliament or round the Council table. With the inability of councilors to recognise this, there was increased tension.

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2
Q

In the early years of Elizabeths reign what were some of the suitors for her hand?

A

Robert Dudley
Philip II of Spain
Archduke Ferdinand and Charles (sons of Emperor Ferdinand)
Prince Erik of Sweden

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3
Q

Why did marriage to Robert Dudley become politically impossible?

A

His wife Amy Dudley was found dead with a broken neck at the bottom of a staircase. Many assumed she ordered this so he would be free to marry Elizabeth. However The circumstances of the death made it politically impossible for him to marry her, even though the death was ruled accidental.

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4
Q

When did the House of Commons first raise the issue of marriage?

A

January 1559

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5
Q

How did ELizabeth handle parliament discussing her marriage in 1559

A

Deflected the pressure gracefullt

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6
Q

Why did parliament have a new sense of urgency for Elizabeth to marry in 1563?

A

Elizabeth had been stricken with smallpox the previous year and the feeling that she might’ve die created a sense of urgency for preventing a future succession crisis.
The civil war, foreign invasion and religious strife were all possible outcomes.

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7
Q

Who was Lady Catherine Grey?

A

The sister of Lady Jane Grey (daughter of Henry VIII’s sister MAry)

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8
Q

Why was lady Catherine grey significant

A

According to terms of Henrys will made her heir presumptive.
She was a protestant

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9
Q

What happened to lady Catherine grey

A

She disgraced herself through her secret marriage to the Earl of Hertford and the couple were imprisoned in the tower by Elizabeth.

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10
Q

How did Elizabeth react to pressure for marriage in 1566 parliament?

A

Reacted furiously, banishing Leicester and the Earl of Prembroke from the presence chamber, publicly rebuking other members of the council and summoning members of Houses of Parliament for a ferocious tongue-lashing.

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11
Q

What marriage was suggested in 1579?
Why were people opposed to it?

A

Francois Duke of Anjou, brother of King Henry II of France
Would lead to a child under French influence as successor

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12
Q

Why did Elizabeth most probably not marry

A

Politically it would’ve head more disadvantages than advantages

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13
Q

After the execution of Mary queen of scots who would’ve had the best hereditary claim to the English throne

A

Marys son James VI of Scotland

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14
Q

Why did Mary queen of Scots flee to England in 1567?

A

After being implicated in the murder of her husband Earl of Darnley and her subsequent marriage to her husbands presumed murderer set off a brief civil war, causing her to flee to England.

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15
Q

Why did Mary queen of Scots cause problems for Elizabeth

A

Some English catholics saw her as the rightful monarch and she became the focus of plots to overthrow Elizabeth.

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16
Q

What happened in 1570 that made problems with mary queen of scots worse

A

The excommunication of Elizabeth in the eyes of the Catholic Church absolved Elizabeths catholic subjects from the need to obey their sovereign.

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17
Q

What were the four main catholic plots against Elizabeth

A

Rodolfo
Throckmorton
Parry
Babington

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18
Q

Which rebellion included plans to involve Mary queen of scots

A

The northern rebellion 1569-70

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19
Q

Why was Elizabeth reluctant to execute mary queen of scots

A

Reluctant to press for the execution of another anointed monarch

20
Q

Why did Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorate towards the end of the 1560’s

A

The trading activity of John Hawkins who tried to break the Spanish trading monopoly in the Caribbean.

The situation in the Netherlands; Philip wanted the organization there under more Spanish control and Elizabeth had to aid Dutch protestants who feared danger.

The english found opportunities to harass the Spanish.

Phillips encouragement of northern rebellion and Rodolfi plot

Excommunication of Elizabeth in 1570

21
Q

Who were the sea beggars

A

Dutch pirates licensed by the rebel leader William of Orange.

22
Q

How did the sea beggars cause further problems between england and Spain?

A

Following their expulsion from english ports they were forced to land in the Dutch port of Brielle and their occupation of the port, unchecked by SPanish garrison there, sparked a full scale revolt against the rule of Spain.

23
Q

How did the situation in the Netherlands get worse from an English perspective

A

Divisions among the provinces of the Netherlands led to the emergence of two seperate entities. Spain made peace with one of these entities.

24
Q

What happened in Portugal in 1580

A

Spanish power was strengthened by the annexation of Portugal

25
Q

How did Elizabeth use Don Antonio against the SPanish

A

DOn Antonio was a member of the Portuguese royal family and a claimant to the Portuguese throne, Elizabeth supported his claim to the throne.

26
Q

Why was the treaty of Joinville of 1584 alarming for ELizabeth?

A

Joined Philip II and the cathOlivia league in France
The Guise family led to the Catholic league and with the Guises as his allies, Philip II no longer had a political motive to prevent him from supporting Mary, Queen of Scots.

27
Q

What and when was the treaty of nonsuch

A

1585
Made to counteract the terms of the Treaty of Joinville, ELizabeth made an alliance with the Dutch protestant rebels in the treaty of nonsuch in 1585 and sent troops to the Netherlands.

28
Q

Why did the treaty of nonsuch alongside sending troops to the Netherlands not go well?

A

The troops were badly paid and were therefore ill disciplined and alienated the ditch.
The dutch felt betrayed when two officers deserted and joined Parma
The English commanders quarrelled amongst themselves
Leicester quarrelled with the dutch

29
Q

Why did Philip plan the expedition against ENgland

A

Gods work to engage in a catholic crusade

30
Q

Why were the Spanish defeated in the Spanish Armada

A

It was sighted off the coast of Cornwall 29th July and they engaged in an indecisive battle in the English Channel.

In the end the armada was forced due to unfavourable winds to try and return to Spain via a hazardous route, which cost them many ships lost in storms.

31
Q

When was peace concluded between england and Spain

A

The deaths of both Elizabeth and Philip

32
Q

How did people view the war with Spain

A

For many at court and in the armed forces england was involved in war for both national and religious survival against a universal catholic conspiracy.
Lord Burghley believed Spain engaged in a war of conquest.

33
Q

How did those who favoured a more expensive naval campaign support their view

A

By arguing that war in the Netherlands tended to be expensive and difficult, while England had enjoyed success with small scale naval attacks in the Caribbean and on mainland Spain in 1585 and 1587.

34
Q

What is an example of english successes against Spain

A

The capture and occupation of Cadiz and the sinking of four galleons. This capture humiliated Philip and prevented Spanish merchants from sailing to the West Indies- a blow to the Spanish

35
Q

Give examples of Spanish successes against ENgland

A

Fear of invasion in 1599 prompted almost entirely by false intelligence created a huge panic in ENgland.

Thereafter naval activity was directed almost entirely by the need to prevent Spanish landings in Ireland, achieving little at a great cost.

36
Q

How did relations between ENgland and the Dutch in the Netherlands improve

A

1589 commander of english forces sir Francis vere forged a positive relationship with the Dutch leader Maurice of Nassau

Gradually territories lost to the duke of Parma were recovered due to problems with the Spanish

The cost of maintains a force in the Netherlands was hi because the dutch paid a share of the running costs

37
Q

How would you summarise Eliza the foreign policy

A

Proved broadly succesful

Did have many shortcoming and came at a great expense

Spanish invasions caused fear but never dramatically got too close to threatening the throne.

38
Q

why would she not marry archduke ferdinand and charles

A

they were both catholic

39
Q

when and what was the ridolfi plot

A

1571
involved a conspiracy for Mary to marry the Duke of Norfolk and to overthrow elizabeth

allowed Lord burghley to ensure the execution of Norfolk for treason

40
Q

when and what was the Throckmorton plot

A

1583
foreign landing in Sussex followed by overthrow of Elizabeth and her replacement by Mary
Foiled by the efficiency of Sir Francis Walsinghams espionage network

41
Q

significance of throckmorton plot

A

led to the creation of the bond association
worsened anglo-spanish relations
tightened conditions of Mary’s captivity

Was financed by Spain and pope pius v

42
Q

when and what was the Parry plot

A

1585
plot to assassinate the queen
led to the acceleration of parliamentray proceedings on a bill to ensure the queens safety

43
Q

when and what was the Babington plot

A

1586
mary complicit in plot to assasinate elizabeth but exposed by Walsingham’s codebreaker, Thomas Phelippes

enabled Burleigh to ensure Marys execution

44
Q

why was the armada defeated

A

their strategy which required landing in the spanish netherlands to taken parmas army on board was flawed

the armadas leadership could be questioned

luck of weather for england

45
Q

What largely lessoned the threats of the plots surrounding Mary Stuart

A

The efficiency and ability of Sir Walsingham espionage network, which infiltrated the Throckmorton plot and Babington plots.

46
Q

Who did the Babington plot have support from

A

Agents of Spain and pope

Elizabeth (10 decks)

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