2.1 - Skill Acquisition Flashcards
why is memory important
- to help learn new skills
- to help develop upon previously learnt skills
- to remember tactics previously used
- to help think back to similar situations
what is encoding of information
the conversion of information into codes that are visual, auditory or semantic)
what is storage of information
the retention of information over a period of time
what is retrieval of information
recovering stored information from our memory (STM & LTM)
what are the 2 memory models
- Atkinson & Shiffrens Multi-store Memory Model (1968)
- Craig & Lockhart Level of Processing Model
what is the Atkinson & Shiffren multi store memory model
There are 3 stages of this model
short term sensory stores, short term memory stores & long term memory stores
includes selective attention and chunking
what is short term sensory store in the multi-store memory model
- informations enter the brain from surrounding environment
- information is stored for 1/4 - 1 second before it is filtered
- selective attention takes place here and relevant information is short term memory store whilst irrelevant information is forgotten
what is the short term memory store in the multi-store memory model
- info is used to decided what needs to be done
- 5 -9 pieces can be stored for up to 30 seconds
- chunking takes place to help more information be remembered
- if information in the STMS is rehearsed and is important, it will be transferred to the long term memory store
what is chunking of information
grouping different pieces of information together and remembering it as one piece of information
what is the long term memory store in the multi memory model
- holds information that is important, has meaning and has been rehearsed
- has a limitless capacity of encoded information
- stores information that has been associated with other important information or meanings
why is selective attention important when learning a motor skill
- filters out irrelevant information
- allows throughs relevant information/ focuses on relevant stimuli
- enables accurate perception / decision making
what are the advantages of the multi-store memory model
- explains how those with brain damage cannot store information
- simple
- skills from LTM can be remembered
what are the disadvantages of the multi-memory model
- too simplistic : doesn’t explain why we remember different types of information
- doesn’t prove or explain the interaction between STM & LTM
- lack of evidence
what is the Craig & Lockhart levels of processing model
- the idea that information is more likely to be remembered if it is :
considered
understood
has meanings (relates to experiences) - has 3 levels of processing (2 shallow and 1 deep)
what is the first level of processing information in the levels of processing model
the structural level
- what words looks like
- shallow processing
