21. Pressure for Change Flashcards
When was the Ten Hour Factory Act passed?
1847
What did Shaftesbury press for the establishment of?
The Children’s Employment Commission
When was the Chimney Sweep Act passed, and who campaigned for it?
1875- Lord Shaftesbury
When was a Board of Health set up in the Public Health Act. Also, who campaigned for it?
1848- Lord Shaftesbury
Where and when was the first outbreak of cholera?
Sunderland in 1832
What did Chadwick publish that pushed for the Public Health Reforms of 1848?
Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842)
Who was on the General Board of Health in London after it was set up by the 1848 Public Health Act?
Chadwick, Shaftesbury and Lord Morpeth
Where were Local Boards of Health set up following the Public Health Act of 1848?
Anywhere where the death rate was unusually high- above the national average. (23/1000 people)
When was the Health Board dissolved?
1858
What replaced the Health Board, when it was dissolved in 1858?
A Medical Officer of Health in the Home Office
Who was first appointed as Medical Officer of Health?
Dr John Simpson
When was the Food Adulteration Act, and when was it passed?
1860
When was the Third Chartist Petition organised?
1848
When was there another economic depression in the 1840’s
1847
How many signatures did O’Conner claim the third Chartist petition had?
5.75 million
Why did the Chartists fail?
Majority were illiterate and not able to organise themselves effectively, divisions among leading chartists, lack of funds
When was the last real depression in this course?
1873
By 1873, how many points of the Charter had been passed?
3
What does Asa Brigs argue to have been a catalyst for radical pressure on the Government?
The “break in economic prosperity”
Who was the leading radical MP?
John Bright
Where was John Bright MP for?
Birmingham
When was the Reform League founded?
1865
What did the Reform League want?
Universal Male Suffrage
When was the Reform Union founded?
1864
When was Gladstone’s reform bill rejected by Parliament?
1866
What perhaps caused Disraeli to pass the Second Reform Act in 1867?
Outbreaks of violence near Hyde Park following a Reform League meeting
When were the beginnings of Fenianism?
1858
When was the Amnesty Association founded, and by who?
1868- Isaac Butt
When was the Home Rule League founded by Isaac Butt?
1873
When was the Land League founded, and by who?
Michael Davitt in 1879
What was the aim of the Fenians?
Achieve an independent Ireland by forcing the British government to repeal the Act of Union
How many members did the Fenians have in the 1860’s?
80,000
What was the aim of the Amnesty Association?
To keep the fate of political prisoners in the public eye
How many MPs from Ireland that supported Home Rule were voted for in the 1874 election?
59
Who became the undisputed leader of the Irish National Party?
Charles Stuart Parnell
