2.1 PLANNING

Question 1

WHAT IS PLANNING?

Answer 1

Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done

_ Koontz & O’Donnell

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF PLANS BASED ON?

Answer 2

1. SCOPE WISE
2. DURATION WISE
3. BASED ON STABILITY
4. BASED ON SPECIFICITY
5. BASED ON FREQUENCY OF USAGE

Question 3

WHAT IS SCOPE WISE PLAN?

Answer 3

1. STRATEGIC- Corporate plan covers overall organisational goals. By top-level management
2. FUNCTIONAL- Operational plan covers areas like production, marketing, finance. By local-level management

Question 4

WHAT IS DURATION WISE PLAN

Answer 4

1. LONG TERM- 5 years or more. set long term goals for org.
2. MEDIUM TERM- 1 to 5 years. used for projects with a specific purpose.
3. SHORT TERM- 1 year or less. also known as activity planning

Question 5

WHAT IS PLAN BASED ON STABILITY?

Answer 5

1. STANDING PLAN- used repeatedly with organisational structure and standard method
2. AD HOC PLAN- impromptu plan taken to meet emergencies

Question 6

BASED ON SPECIFITY PLAN?

Answer 6

1. SPECIFIC PLAN

2. DIRECTIONAL PLAN

Question 7

PLANS ON FREQUENCY OF USAGE?

Answer 7

1. SINGLE-USE PLAN- non-repetitive (project, budget)

2. STANDING PLAN- ongoing repetitive ( policies, strategy)

Question 8

WHAT IS PLANNING PREMISES?

Answer 8

“Planning premises are the anticipated environment in which plans are expected to
operate. They include assumptions or forecast of the future and known conditions that
will affect the course of plans such as prevailing policies and existing company plans that
controls the basic nature of supporting plans”.

Question 9

TYPES OF PLANNING PREMISES

Answer 9

1. INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
2. TANGIBLE & INTANGIBLE
3. CONTROLLABLE, SEMI CONTROLLABLE, NON CONTROLLABLE
4. VARIABLE & CONSTANT

Question 10

LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING?

Answer 10

1. INACCURATE AT TIMES
2. INTERNAL INFLEXIBILITIES
3. EXTERNAL INFLEXIBILITIES
4. TIME CONSUMING & COSTLY
5. RIGID & REDUCES FLEXIBILITY

Question 11

WHAT IS MBO?

Answer 11

MBO is described as the process by which superior and subordinate managers of an organisation jointly identify its common goals, define each individual area of major responsibility in terms of results expected from him,and use the measures to assess the contribution of each employee after the completion of tasks.

Question 12

WHO INTRODCED MBO?

Answer 12

PETER DRUCKER IN 1954

Question 13

WHO INTRODCED MBO?

Answer 13

PETER DRUCKER IN 1954

Question 14

5 STEP OF MBO

Answer 14

1. SETTING ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES
2. CASCADING OBJECTIVE TO EMPLOYEES
3. CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE
4. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE
5. REWARD PERFORMANCE

Question 15

IMPLEMENTATION OF MBO?

Answer 15

1. SETTING OBECTIVES
2. REDESIGNING JOB DESCRITIONS
3. ESTABLISHING CHECKPOINTS
4. APPRAISAL OF PERFORMANCE AND COUNSELING