2.1 Male Reproductive Anatomy Pt.1

Question 1

What is the highlighted​ structure?

Answer 1

The testicles

Question 2

What is located underneath the testicles?

Answer 2

The epididymis

Question 3

What happens at the epididymis ?

Answer 3

Sperm gain the ​ability to become motile

Question 4

Once the sperm travel through the epididymis where do they enter?

Answer 4

They enter a duct called the Vas deferens AKA duct deferens

Question 5

What is this highlighted structure?

Answer 5

Vas deferes (aka duct deferens)

Question 6

What happens at the vas deferent?

Answer 6

it is a tube that conveys the sperm from the testis up into the body of the penis

Question 7

As the sperm travels through the vas deferens, what does it eventually meet?

Answer 7

3 accessory secretory glands
- produce the seminal plasma that the sperm are ejaculated in when they leave the male and enter the female tract

Question 8

What shape is the body of the bulls penis?

Answer 8

S-shaped - sigmoid flexure​

Question 9

How is the penis kept in an S shape?

Answer 9

By the double retractor penis muscle

Question 10

When the penis becomes erect what happens to the refractor penis muscle?

Answer 10

• It becomes relaxed​ and allows the penis to straighten
• the tip comes out of the prepuce and goes toward the female

Question 11

What is this structure?

Answer 11

The glands​ penis (tip)

Question 12

2 functions of the testis?

Answer 12

1. production and transmission of male genes (spermatozoa)
2. production of reproductive hormones (androgens)

Question 13

Testis consist of ___ tubules?

Answer 13

seminiferous tubules

Question 14

Answer 14

1. Testicular artery
2. Epididymis

Question 15

What are the male hormones?

Answer 15

androgen hormones

Question 16

Within the seminiferous tubules =

Answer 16

• sertoli cells present
• sperm develope

Question 17

Between the seminiferous tubules =

Answer 17

• leydig cells present
• androgens synthesized​

Question 18

Sertoli cell moderates:

Answer 18

moderates the production of sperm

Question 19

What is the main hormone produced between the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 19

testosterone

Question 20

3 main phases of sperm production?

Answer 20

• Miotic proliferation
• Meiotic division
• Cytodifferentiation

Question 20

3 main phases of sperm production?

Answer 20

• Miotic proliferation
• Meiotic division
• Cytodifferentiation

Question 21

Sperm production: which phase(s) deals with cell division?

Answer 21

1. Miotic proliferation
2. Meitic divison

Question 22

Sperm production: which phase(s) modify the morphology or shape of sperm?

Answer 22

cytodifferentiation (spermiogenesis​)

Question 23

Mitotic Proliferation:

Answer 23

Produce multiple rounds of mitosis to give us a ​large number of developing sperm cells
- all early sperm cells are diploid (2 sets of chromosomes)

Question 24

meiotic phase:

Answer 24

- generates genetic diversity between each one of the sperm cells - It also converts cells into haploid cells that now have half the number of chromosomes - Go from spermatocytes (1st round) to spermatids (2nd round)

Question 25

What shape are spermatid cells?

Answer 25

round

Question 26

What shape are mature spermatozoa cells?

Answer 26

Have a distinct​ head, midpiece, and a tail

Question 27

Cytodifferentiation:

Answer 27

-package genes for delivery to oocyte - elongating spermatids --> spermatozoa

Question 28

Sertoli cell:

Answer 28

- develop sperm attached to Sertoli cells via gap junctions - Control spermatogenesis -All are linked by gap junctions = coordinated wave of spermatogenesis​

Question 29

How do Sertoli cells control spermatogenesis?

Answer 29

- transfer developmental proteins to spermocytes - remove material from elonging spermatids - mediate androgen hormone (testosterone) action

Question 30

which cell is responsible for producing testosterone?

Answer 30

leydig cell

Question 31

Testosterone phases from leading cells into:

Answer 31

- blood (feedback on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus) - seminiferous tubules

Question 32

sertoli cells convert testosterone to?

Answer 32

dihydrotestosterone

Question 33

Dihydrotesterone passes into ____ to stimulate?

Answer 33

passes into testicular fluid to stimulate male reproductive tract and spermatogenesis

Question 34

___ is essential for spermatogenesis?

Answer 34

androgens

Question 35

Pituitary hormones are essential for?

Answer 35

spematogenesis

Question 36

Hypothalamic - pituitary axis:

Answer 36

- Hypothalamus produces, releases, and synthesizes Gonadotrophin​ (GnRH) - GnRH is transported to anterior pituitary via blood hypophyseal portal vessels anterior pituitary secretes: -Luteinising hormone (LH) - Follicle stimulating​ hormone (FSH)

Question 37

removal of pituitary gland could cause:

Answer 37

- testes shrink - no spermatogenesis - Leydig cells deteriorate - testosterone outputs fall

Question 38

administration of LH ( produced by anterior pituitary gland) can do what?

Answer 38

return function to normal - stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, this supports spermatogenesis​

Question 39

What is the difference between LH and FSH?

Answer 39

LH: increase in testosterone production FSH: increase in the receptors for testosterone so that it can make an increase its action

Question 40

Castriaation:

Answer 40

removal of testis

Question 41

What does the removal of testis do?

Answer 41

- stop sperm production - stops testosterone production - controls behaviour

Question 42

Castritation enables lambs / piglets to

Answer 42

grow larger before slaughter **testerone affects taste

Question 43

Lamb castration:

Answer 43

rubber ring applied to the scrotum above the testicles - constricts blood supply to the ​scrotum -testis and drop off

Question 44

Canine castration:

Answer 44

1. anesthesia 2. skin incision of the scrotum 3. remove connective tissue around testicle 4. expose scrotum contents - testicle - epididymis - spermatic cord

Question 45

What does the spermatic cord consist of:

Answer 45

- arteries and veins - vas deferens - nerves - Cremaster muscle **Passes from the ​scrotum into the abdominal cavity via ing​uinal ring

Question 46

where does the testicular artery branch from?

Answer 46

aorta - below renal artery

Question 47

Where does the right testicular vein drain into?

Answer 47

inferior vena cava

Question 48

Where does the left testicular vein drain into?

Answer 48

left renal vein

Question 49

What are emasculators used for?

Answer 49

crush / clamp down the blood vessels to prevent blood loss

Question 50

Other ways to prevent blood loss?

Answer 50

ligate blood vessels

Question 51

Vasectomised rams:

Answer 51

used to bring ewes into season - testis intact -phermones

Question 52

Vasectomy:

Answer 52

cutting the vas deferens - stops transmission of sperm - maintains testosterone production

Question 53

What type of cells do the testis contain?

Answer 53

sertoli cells and leydig cells