2.1) european immigration to britain

Question 1

what was the reformation?

Answer 1

challenge to the catholic teaching by protestants

Question 2

who were the puritans?

Answer 2

extreme protestants

Question 3

who were the jesuits?

Answer 3

extreme catholics

Question 4

what was the foreign protestant naturalisation act? and when was it introduced?

Answer 4

• 1709
• allowed all european protestants to come to england with full rights for one shilling

Question 5

when did britain become a protestant country?

Answer 5

1534

Question 6

why did many people migrate to the UK during the early modern period (1500-1730)

Answer 6

• the country had become a haven for protestants fleeing prosecution in europe because it was now a protestant country
• the economy had grown after the english civil war
• the rapid progression of capitalism within england funded exploration and domination (the empire)
• britain was a growing world power

Question 7

when did the huguenots arrive in england and why?

Answer 7

• from 1610-1710
• after the massacre of st. bartholomew in france where protestant were targeted by huge catholic, violent mobs

Question 8

were the huguenots welcomed by the english?

Answer 8

• they were mostly welcomed by the english because they were protestant and france and spain were enemy powers
• lots of charity was done for refugees at the time
• on the other hand, they risked being beaten during anti-foreigner riots by poor english people. they felt threatened because they believed that the huguenots received privileges

Question 9

what did the huguenots do and where did they settle?

Answer 9

• the increased producction of goods so that the country became a net exporter in silk cloth
• there were over 700 huguenot officers and 3000 soldiers in the british army
• 10% of the capital investment came through them - played a key role in the capitalist economy
• many (around 3000) settled in canterbury

Question 10

when did the german palatines arrive and why?

Answer 10

• 1709
• they were poor famers suffering from bad harvests and decades of war
• they were also being forced to become catholic in germany
• they were allowed in by the foreign protestants naturalisation act (1709)

Question 11

were the german palatines welcomed by the english?

Answer 11

• at first they were received kindly: money was raised for them and the gov. tried to put them in small groups across the country
• but soon the gov realised that they were poor and could not be of any economic use to england

Question 12

what happened to the german palatines once the gov. realised the german palatines were of no benefit to the economy

Answer 12

• the english thought that the immigrants would take their jobs so they were eventually denounced as a threat and were stoned by mobs
• they were deported to ireland and some went to new york but were killed on the voyage by typhoid or american mobs

Question 13

who were the romani gypsies?

Answer 13

• they were nomadic people who lived in tents that could be easily moved and travelled in carts
• they had migrated to england from parts of northern india
• they lived alongside the population and worked as farmers or entertainers

Question 14

why was there prejudice against gypsies in the early modern period?

Answer 14

• as their way of life was diffrent to most, they were iften resented and suffered extreme prejudice
• they had no state protection

Question 15

what prejudice did gypsies face?

Answer 15

• 1530 - henry VIII ordered that all gypsies should be expelled from england
• 1554 - it was made a crime to be an immigrant gypsy and that was punishable by death
• many hangings and executions all over the country
• 1650s - forced transportation of gypsies into slavery in north america and the carribean

Question 16

when and why did jews return to england in the early modern period?

Answer 16

• they were invited by oliver cromwell in the 1650s because cromwell believed that the second coming of jesus would only happen if there were jews in england
• he may have hoped that jewish merchants would once again help the english economy

Question 17

why did catholics emigrate from england in the 1600s?

Answer 17

• catholics were not permitted to worship in their own way and priests were executed if discovered performing a catholic mass
• they were seen as a threat and were branded as terrorists or agents of a foreign power especially after the gunpowder plot (1605)

Question 18

which other minorities emigrated from england in early modern period?

Answer 18

• quakers and other non-conformists left to america to escape religious persecution
• many poor people became indentured labourers or were transported overseas

Question 19

where did the catholics emigrate to?

Answer 19

• the emigrated to northern france (catholic country) and lived there as refugees

Question 20

what were the ‘evil may day’ riots and when did they take place?

Answer 20

• violent anti-foreigner riots in london -> the rioters were young men, poor labourers and apprentices
• were directed towards hanseatic merchants, lombard bankers and the many foreigners at the royal court
• this led to foreigners being seen as aliens

Question 21

why were the evil may day rioters punished so severely?

Answer 21

• rulers were protecting their foreign friends
• the conflict was really about class regarding the ruler and the ruled

Question 22

where did the returning jews settle and what did they do?

Answer 22

• settled in london but also port towns like hull, portsmouth and plymouth
• those who were poor survived by travelling around the country selling second hand goods