2.1 Compare Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

Question 1

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[Nucleus]

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells : no true nucleus, only an area where DNA is found

Eukaryotic cells : distinct nucleus, with nuclear envelope

Question 2

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[DNA]

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells : DNA is not associated with proteins

Eukaryotic cells : DNA is associated with proteins called histones

Question 3

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[plasmids]

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cells : some DNA might be in the form of circular strands called plasmids

Eukaryotic cells : there are no plasmids and DNA is linear

Question 4

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[membrane]

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells : No-membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic cells : membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria are present

Question 5

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[chloroplast]

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells : no chloroplast, only bacterial chlorophyll bound to the cell membrane in some bacteria (ie. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic cells : chloroplasts presents in plants and algae

Question 6

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[ribosomes]

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cells : ribosomes are smaller (70S)

Eukaryotic cells : ribosomes are larger (80S)

Question 7

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[cell wall]

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells : cell wall made of murein (peptidoglycan)

Eukaryotic cells : where present cell wall is made mostly of cellulose (or chitin in fungi)

Question 8

Prokaryotic/eukaryotic comparison

[capsule]

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cells : may have an outer mucilaginous layer called a capsule

Eukaryotic cells : no capsule