1.6 ATP

Question 1

What are the advantages of ATP? (x5)

Answer 1

-Instant source of energy in the cell
-Releases energy in small amounts as needed
-It is mobile and transports chemical energy to where it is needed IN the cell
-Universal energy carrier and can be used in many different chemical reactions
-ATP cannot be stored so has to be continuously made within mitochondria of the cells that need it

Question 2

What is ATP used for? x6

Answer 2

-Metabolic processes
-Movement
-Active transport
-Secretion
-Activation of molecules
-Bioluminescence

Question 3

How is ATP used for metabolic processes?

Answer 3

ATP provides the energy to build up macromolecules from their basic units e.g. polypeptides from amino acids, DNA from nucleotides

Question 4

How is ATP used for movement?

Answer 4

ATP provides energy for muscles contraction

Question 5

How is ATP used for active transport?

Answer 5

ATP provides the energy to change the shape of carrier proteins in plasma membranes so molecules can be moved against their concentration gradient

Question 6

How is ATP used for secretion?

Answer 6

ATP needed to form lysosomes necessary for secretion

Question 7

How is ATP used for activation of molecules?

Answer 7

When a phosphate molecule is transferred from ATP to another molecules it makes it more reactive. ATP therefore allows enzyme-catalysed reactions to occur more quickly

Question 8

How does ATP release energy? (x3)

Answer 8

-The 3 phosphate groups are joined together by 2 high energy bonds
-ATP can be hydrolysed to break a bond which releases a large amount of energy
-Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase

Question 9

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 9

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 10

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 10

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 11

What is ATP?

Answer 11

A nucleotide derivative and is formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups.

Question 12

What is energy?

Answer 12

-The ability to do work
-Energy can be changed from one form to another, it cannot be created or destroyed

Question 13

What should you never say about energy?

Answer 13

We should never say - makes/produces energy. You can say releases energy or makes ATP

Question 14

What is Pi?

Answer 14

Inorganic phosphate molecule

Question 15

What is the equation for ATP?

Answer 15

ATP ——>ADP+Pi+30KJmol^-1

Question 16

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 16

Nucleotide derivative of adenine with 3 phosphate groups

Question 17

What is the role of ATP in cells?

Answer 17

ATP hydrolase catalyses ATP->ADP + Pi
• energy released is coupled to metabolic reactions
•phosphate group phosphorylates compounds to make them more reactive

Question 18

How is ATP resynthesized in cells?

Answer 18

• ATP synthase catalyses condensation reaction between ADP and Pi
• during photosynthesis and respiration

Question 19

Why is ATP suitable as the ‘energy currency’ of cells?

Answer 19

• high energy bonds between phosphate groups
• small amounts of energy released at a time = less energy wasted as heat
• single step hydrolysis = energy available quickly
• readily resynthesized