2.1 Chemical Bonds and Types of Bonding Flashcards
What are the 3 different types of chemical bonds?
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
What are the particles in ionic, covalent and metallic bonds?
Ionic
- Oppositely charged ions
- NaCl
Covalent
- Particles are atoms which share elelctron pairs
- O2
Metallic
- Particles are atoms which share delocalised electrons
What is an ion?
Atom that has charge because it lost or gained an electron e.g.
Cl-
Na+
Ca2+
What happens when an ionic bond is formed?
Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged
(REMEMBER ATOMS ALWAYS WANT TO BE STABLE AND HAVE FULL ELECTRON SHELLS)
Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions
Na is a group 1 element
Cl is a group 7 element
Draw out the formation of its ionic bond, show their initial electron structures, then after the reaction
What is the difference between ionic bonding and ionic compounds?
Ionic bonding
Bonding between 2 elements
Small scale
Ionic compound
- Giant structure of ions
- Held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
- 3D structure, forces act in ever direction
What is an ionic compound and give an example
- A giant structure of ions
- Held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
- 3D structure so forces act in ever direction
NaCl (sodium chloride)
(salt)
What is covalent bonding?
When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
What are polymers?
Large covalently bonded molecules
What are giant covalent structures?
Many atoms covalently bonded in a lattice structure
Diamond
Silicon dioxide
Draw out the covalent bond for H2O
Draw out the covalent bond for NH3
What are metallic bonds?
Bonding in metals
Structure of positive metal atom ions in a regular structure surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
Why are metallic bonds strong?
Sea of delocalised electrons are free to move throughout the structure
Strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged negative electrons and positive metal ions
