2.1 cell structures

Question 1

chromatin

Answer 1

material from which chromosomes are made

Question 2

nucleolus

Answer 2

sites of ribosome production

Question 3

RER - ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Answer 3

covered in ribosomes processes proteins made by ribosomes

Question 4

SER - SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Answer 4

involved in production, processing and storage of carbs, lipids and steriods

Question 5

GOLGI APPARATUS

Answer 5

flattened sacs of protein modifies proteibs ad packages them into vessicles or lysosomes

Question 6

RIBOSOMES

Answer 6

each ribosome is a complex of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

Question 7

LYSOSOME

Answer 7

cotain hydrolytic enzymes break down waste materials - worn outorganelles

Question 8

HYDROLTIC ENZYMES

Answer 8

ENZYMES THAT BREAK BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES DOWN

Question 9

CHLOROPLAST

Answer 9

double membrane
membrabe bound compartments thylakoids– contain chlorophyll -
and stack to form structures called grana
grana joined by lamellae
light dependant stage - thylakoids
light independant - stroma

Question 10

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Answer 10

partially permeable formed from layer of phospholipid

Question 11

CENTRIOLE

Answer 11

hollow fibres made of microtubules organises spindle fibres during cell division

Question 12

CELL WALL

Answer 12

freely permeable structural support plants - cellulose bacteria- peptidoglycan fungi - chitin

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

longer microtubules contract to provide cell movement

Question 14

cilia

Answer 14

hair like allows movement of substances over cell surface

Question 15

CYTOSKELETON

Answer 15

provide mechanical strength to cells
aiding transport within cells
enables cell movement

Question 16

OPTICAL MICROSCOPES

Answer 16

Relatively cheap easy to use Portable Use visible light Ribosomes cannot be examined

Question 17

LASER Scanning microscope

Answer 17

Uses laser light to scan an object point by point and assemble the pixel into one image using a computer high resolution High Contrast HAVE DEPTHx SELECTIVITY USED IN MEDICAL PROFESSION

Question 18

Electron microscope

Answer 18

Uses beam of fast travelling electrons Electrons fired from cathode and focused by magnets onto a screen Much greater resolution Highly magnified Expensive Large Skill and training required Have to be dead Metallic salts have to be used and are potentially hazardous

Question 19

Total magnification

Answer 19

power Of objective lens X power of eyepiece lens

Question 20

Why do we stain samples before viewing under a light microscope

Answer 20

Contrast and to identify certain sub cellular structures better

Question 21

Maximum magnification for a scanning electron microscope

Answer 21

X 200,000

Question 22

NUCLEUS

Answer 22

seperated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane which has many pores. Contains chromatin

Question 23

nuclear pores

Answer 23

allow mrna and ribosomes to travel out of the nucleus.