2.1 cell structure

Question 1

what is a cell membrane?

Answer 1

a partially permeable thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell

Question 2

what is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

it controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 3

what is a cell wall?

Answer 3

a fully-permeable rigid wall made of cellulose that surrounds the plant cell

Question 4

what keeps the cell wall rigid and how?

Answer 4

cellulose; it forms fibres which criss-cross over one another, creating a strong covering to the cell

Question 5

what is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 5

to protect and support the cell

Question 6

what is a cytoplasm?

Answer 6

a clear jelly made up of water and dissolved substances

Question 7

what does cytoplasm contain?

Answer 7

organelles where metabolic reactions take place

Question 8

what is a vacuole?

Answer 8

a space in the cell that is surrounded by the membrane

Question 9

what does a vacuole contain?

Answer 9

a space in the cell that is surrounded by the membrane

Question 10

what is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 10

it helps maintain pressure in the cells and keep it in shape

Question 11

what is the vacuole in an animal cell called?

Answer 11

vesicles

Question 12

what do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 12

chlorophyll and starch grains

Question 13

what is the function of a chlorophyll?

Answer 13

it absorbs energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis

Question 14

what is a nucleus?

Answer 14

the ‘control centre’ of the cell that contains the genetic information that carries the instructions that control the structure and activity of the cell

Question 15

what is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 15

it helps make the right sorts of protein

Question 16

characteristics of chromosomes

Answer 16

• made of DNA
• very long and thin
  
  • when cell divides, it becomes short and thick

Question 17

what is mitochondria?

Answer 17

the powerhouse of the cell

Question 18

where is the mitochondria found?

Answer 18

found in almost all cells, except prokaryotes

Question 19

what occurs in the mitochondria?

Answer 19

oxygen is used to release energy quickly from glucose by aerobic respiration–for fast movement

Question 20

what kind of cells have lots of mitochondria?

Answer 20

cells that use a lot of energy

Question 21

what is glycogen?

Answer 21

a reserved fuel and stored carbohydrates in animal cells

Question 22

where is glycogen found?

Answer 22

in the cytoplasm

Question 23

what is the function of the glycogen?

Answer 23

to be broken down to glucose to be used as fuel by the mitochondria in the liver cell, or transported in the blood to other cells that need it

Question 24

what is a ribosome?

Answer 24

tiny organelles where protein synthesis takes place

Question 25

what is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 25

it is where protein is made, by the junction of amino acids in a long chain

Question 26

how is the junction of amino acids done?

Answer 26

it is done according to the instructions carried on the DNA, which specifies the sequence of amino acids that should be strung together to make a particular protein