11.1-11.2 respiration

Question 1

define respiration

Answer 1

the chemical reactions in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules and releases energy for metabolism

Question 2

what are the two types of respiration?

Answer 2

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 3

what are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

aerobic uses oxygen; anaerobic doesn’t use oxygen
aerobic does not make alcohol/lactic acid; anaerobic makes alcohol/lactic acid
aerobic releases large amount of energy; anaerobic releases small amounts of energy
aerobic produces carbon dioxide; anaerobic only produces carbon dioxide by plants and yeasts

Question 4

define aerobic respiration

Answer 4

The chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

Question 5

Define anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy, without using oxygen

Question 6

What is the purpose of respiration?

Answer 6

To release energy from glucose for cells to use

Question 7

What is the energy released by respiration used for

Answer 7

Active transport; Driving chemical reactions such as protein synthesis; movement; producing heat; transmitting nerve impulses; cell division

Question 8

Describe the characteristics of gaseous exchange sites

Answer 8

thin - allow gases to diffuse across them quickly
moist - allow gas to dissolve
large surface area - lots of gas can diffuse at the same time
good supply of oxygen - brought by breathing movements
efficient transport system - take gases to and from exchange surface

Question 9

Describe the chemical barriers in the pathway to the lungs

Answer 9

Mucus, made by goblet cells (located in a thin layer of cells above the turbinate bones), moistens the air by evaporating into the air in the nose and trapping bacteria and dust particles;
Cilia, tiny hair-like projections, traps bacteria and dust particles and sweeps the mucus back up to the throat (so it does not block up the lungs)

Question 10

Describe the trachea in the pathway to the lungs

Answer 10

1. Epiglottis - piece of cartilage above trachea; stops food from going down the trachea when swallowed (reflex action: entrance closes when bolus of food touches soft palate)
2. Larynx - contains vocal cords (tightened by muscles); sound produces when air passes through tightened muscles; kept open by rings of trachea cartilage