1.5 classifying animals Flashcards
1
Q
what are the names of phylums in the kingdom of animals?
A
arthropods; nematodes; annelids; molluscs; vertebrates
2
Q
what are the classes in the phylum vertebrates?
A
fish; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals
3
Q
characteristics of fishes
A
- scaly skin/scale
- have fins
- have gills for gas exchange
- eyes and lateral line
- jelly-covered eggs; usually use external fertilisation
- ectothermic
4
Q
characteristics of amphibians
A
- moist skin
- always breed in water
- four limbs
- jelly-covered eggs; usually use external fertilisation
- ectothermic
- lungs/skin for gas exchange
5
Q
characteristics of reptiles
A
- scaly skin
- eggs with rubbery shell; laid on land
- soft-shelled eggs; internal fertilisation
- ectothermic
- lungs for gas exchange
6
Q
characteristics of birds
A
- feathers; scale on legs
- forelimbs have become wings
- endothermic
- have a beak
- heart has four chambers (like humans)
- hard-shelled eggs; internal fertilisation
- lungs for gas exchange
7
Q
characteristics of mammals
A
- fur/hair
- have nipples
- have a placenta
- young feed on milk from mammary glands
- endothermic
- have a diaphragm
- heart has four chambers
- have different types of teeth
8
Q
what are the classes in the phylum arthropods?
A
insects; crustaceans; arachnids; myriapods
9
Q
characteristics of arthropods
A
- jointed limbs
- no backbone
- waterproof exoskeleton
10
Q
characteristics of insects
A
- exoskeletons and tracheae are good at stopping water from evaporating from their body; helps them live in dry places
- terrestrial (land-living)
- three body parts: head, thorax and abdomen
- three pairs of legs
- breathe through tracheae
- two pairs of wings (one of both may be vestigial)
11
Q
characteristics of crustaceans
A
- breathe through gills
- most live in wet places and are aquatic
- <4 pairs of jointed legs
- many segments, usually each with legs, claws or feelers
- exoskeleton particularly hard; for protection
12
Q
characteristics of arachnids
A
- two body parts; eight legs; no wings
- four pairs of jointed legs
- breathe through gills called book lungs
- piercing jaws–predators
13
Q
characteristics of myriapods
A
- long, thin body
- many segments–for moving easily through soil and leaf litter
- antennae as sense organs in dark habitats
- each segment has jointed legs
14
Q
what are the types of flowering plants?
A
monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants
15
Q
characteristics of ferns
A
- contains roots, stems and leaves
- leaves called fronds (no exact leaf shape)
- do not produce flowers
- reproduce by means of spores produced on the underside of fronds
- easy to grow–do not require much soil
16
Q
characteristics of monocotyledonous plants
A
- only one ‘seed leaf’ (cotyledon)
- long strap-shaped thin leaves
- parallel veins
- have a branching root system
17
Q
characteristics of dicotyledonous plants
A
- two ‘seed leaf’ (cotyledon)
- broad leaves
- network of branching veins
- have a tap root system
