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Astronomy > 2.1 > Flashcards

2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Polaris

A

(it is the north star)
a star that appears almost above the Earth’s rotational axis.

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2
Q

Where is 0 longitude

A

The Prime Meridian

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3
Q

Contrast the Julian and Gregorian calendar

A

Julian- accurate because it had 365 days in the leap year
gregorian- years are evenly divisible by four leap years, 11 days were skipped

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4
Q

What other pros of daylight savings

A

The further the country the more use of daylight saving time
encourages people to stay out in the summer

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5
Q

Scintillations

A

The flickering of electromagnetic radiation caused by moving volumes of intermediary gas

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6
Q

circumpolar

A

stars that are close enough to the celestial pole that they never set

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7
Q

Right ascension

A

the astronomical equivalent of longitude

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8
Q

solstice

A

the point on the celestial sphere of the northernmost or southernmost declination of the sun is caused by a year, coincidentally the time when the sun reaches that point

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9
Q

Why don’t planets twinkle

A

They are close enough to Earth they can be seen through telescopes

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10
Q

Asterisms

A

A special grouping of stars, part of a constellation

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11
Q

How did Johann bayer assign Greek letters to start in each constellation

A

In alphabetical order from brightest to least

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12
Q

zenith

A

the point in the sky directly overhead on the observer (not related to celestial coordinates or to particular stars) 90% altitude

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13
Q

Celestial poles

A

The intersection of the celestial sphere with the axis of rotation of the earth

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14
Q

mean solar day

A

a solar day for the “mean sun” which moves at a constant rate during the year

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15
Q

midnight sun

A

the sun is seen around the clock from locations sufficiently for north or south at the suitable season

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16
Q

Precession

A

the slowly changing position of stars in the sky resulting from variating in the orientation of the earth’s axis

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17
Q

pole star

A

a star approximately at a celestial pole, Polaris now the pole star there is no south pole star

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18
Q

Declination

A

celestial latitude measured in degrees north or south of the celestial equator

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19
Q

Contrast the movement of stars when standing at the equator and standing at a pole

A

Equator - stars would rise perpendicularly to the horizon
pole - the north celestial code would be directly overhead and the celestial equator would be on the horizon

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20
Q

Celestial equator

A

the intersection sphere centered at the center of earth to which it appears that the stars are affixed

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21
Q

What are time zones? Where is each centered?

A

A zone on the globe that is about 15 longitude wide and extends from pole to pole and within which a uniform clock time is used

22
Q

How does precision affect the cataloging of celestial positions

A

It has to make small corrections in any catalog of celestial positions to update them in present time

23
Q

Coordinate systems

A

methods of assigning positions with respect to a suitable axis

24
Q

Where is 90 latitude

A

poles

25
Q

Why is a star twinkling observed? What causes it?

A

The effect of earth atmosphere
it is being bent by volumes of air

26
Q

What is found to be within one of the north celestial pole

A

A faint star (polaris)

27
Q

What causes seasons

A

Winter- sunlight strikes the northern hemisphere at a shallow angle for a short period of time
spring- the earth is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun as day and night are equal
summer-The North Pole is facing the sun, some strikes the northern hemisphere directly and the sun stays in the sky for longer
fall- The Earth spin access is tilted with respect to its orbital plane

28
Q

equinox

A

the intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial equator.

29
Q

Why do we do daylight savings

A

So people could have more time with the summer than winter

30
Q

What are the cons of daylight savings

A

A causes electricity and does not save money
digital outside is better than real outside

31
Q

The angle of Earth’s access is equal to what? What is the angle in degrees?

A

The Celestial and the Ecliptic Sun
23.5°

32
Q

International date line

A

a crooked imaginary line on the earth’s surface roughly corresponding to ISO longitude at which when crossed from east to west the date jumps forward 1 day

33
Q

15° equals to what

A

1 hour of right ascension

34
Q

what is another name for polaris

A

pole star (north star)

35
Q

Contrast of sidereal day in a solar day

A

Siberia - a day by the stars length of time that takes the vernal equinox to return to the celestial meridian
solar day- length of time that the sun takes to return to your meridian

36
Q

analemma

A

diagram showing the position of the Sun in the sky as seen from a fixed location on Earth at the same mean solar time

37
Q

contrast a constellation and an asterism

A

Asterism- do not make up a constellation on their own
constellation- patterns of stars visible to your eyes

38
Q

Contrast a solar year and a sidereal year

A

Siberian- interval of time that it takes the sun to return to a given position
solar year- the interval between passings of sun through the vernal Equinox

39
Q

Vernal equinox

A

the equinox is crossed by the sun as it moves to northern declinations

40
Q

hour circles

A

the great circles passing through the celestial poles

41
Q

sidereal time

A

the hour angle of the vernal equinox equal to the right ascension of objects on your meridan

42
Q

tropical year

A

the length of time between 2 successive vernal equinoxes

43
Q

Celestial sphere

A

an abstract sphere that has an random large radius and is concentric to Earth.

44
Q

Why are summer daytimes longer than winter daytimes

A

Because the sun in winter is above the horizon for a shorter period of time

45
Q

ecliptic

A

the path followed by the sun across the celestial sphere in the course of year

46
Q

What does not cause seasons

A

Changes in the earth’s distance

47
Q

where do constellations stories come from

A

greek mythology

48
Q

Autumnal equinox

A

of the 2 locations in the sky where the ecliptic crosses the celestial equator that the one that the sun passes each year when moving from northern to southern declinations.

49
Q

Where is 0 latitude

A

Equator

50
Q

Constellations

A

one of the 88 areas into which the sky has been divided for convenience in referring to the stars or other objects there in

51
Q

Meridians

A

The great circle on the celestial sphere that passes through the celestial poles and the observers zenith

Astronomy (6 decks)

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