2024 JVIM Flashcards
Precision medicine using whole genome sequencing identifies a novel dystrophin (DMD) variant for X-linked muscular dystrophy in a cat
A 1-year-old male domestic shorthair cat presented for progressive difficulty walking, macroglossia and dysphagia beginning at 6 months of age.
Trapezius biopsies, degenerative and regenerative myopathy immunofluorescence for antibodies against dystrophy associated proteins.
AST, CK elevated, mild hypokalemia
Dystrophin-deficient form of X-linked musculodystrophy due to stop gain variant dystrophin in genome sequencing.
Scientific writing and editorial policies and procedures of JVIM
Clinicopathological findings, treatment, and outcome in 60 cats with gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia
GESF is an important differential diagnosis for abdominal masses in cats, and has a much better prognosis than previously reported.
median age 5.4y
30% DSH
Pedigree - ragdoll 25%
median duration of CS 90d - weight loss 60%, hyporexia 55%, chronic vom 37%, lethargy 35%, chronic diarrhea 27%
Mass location
- SI 32%
- stomach 27%
- ICCJ 15%
- Colon 10%
- LN / mesentery 8%
- >1 mass 15%
Eosinophilia 50%
Hypoalbuminemia 28%
Surgery vs. medical management not significantly different with 88% cats alive at publication
Development of a requirement for exogenous insulin treatment in dogs with hyperglycemia
Most dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia did not develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment. Other criteria could be required to augment the definition of overt DM in non-insulin treated dogs.
Acute hypernatremia and hypocalcemia after oral sodium phosphate administration to a dog
15y MBD with tremors, altered mentation, hypocalcemia, and hypernatremia after oral admin of sodium phosphate bowel cleansing agent.
Treated fluids and calcium gluconate
Normalized in 12h
Medial strabismus (esotropia) at rest associated with contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in 2 dogs
Pseudoabducens paralysis resulting in resting medial strabismus (esotropia) is a rare consequence of a contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in people.
These cases indicate that esotropia is a rare but highly localizing sign in dogs with contralateral thalamic infarcts.
A prospective cohort study to identify clinical diagnostic and prognostic markers of primary immune thrombocytopenia in dogs
No definitive pITP diagnostic test was found. pITP cases - lower platelet counts, D dimer concentrations, and platelet membrane protein expression.
Low hematocrit and high BUN concentration were associated with non-survival.
Low hematocrit at admission, but not platelet count or DOGiBAT score, was associated with transfusion.
The effect of ε-aminocaproic acid on blood product requirement, outcome and thromboelastography parameters in severely thrombocytopenic dogs
EACA increased clot strength, no effect on outcome. Treatment with EACA at this dosage cannot be recommended as a routine treatment but may be considered for dogs with severe ongoing hemorrhage.
No difference in # transfusions or hospitalization days
No survival difference
Clinical and imaging findings in dogs with nerve root signature associated with cervical intervertebral disc herniation
NRS is most commonly associated with lateralized or foraminal cervical disc herniations.
most prevalent with C6-C7 (32% of affected discs)
there might be unique anatomic factors that contribute to development of NRS at this site
ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs
Male vs. female treatment
Storage vs. voiding disorders
Spontaneous remission and relapse of diabetes mellitus in a male dog
An 8y. MN Min Schnauzer dx diabetes mellitus
- fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria after a 2-week history of polydipsia and periuria.
Tx - insulin and dietary management. Insulin gradually reduced and d/c. Remission over 1y.
Presented for PU/PD, hyperglycemia, glucosuria.
Insulin therapy for remainder of life.
Etiopathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell loss makes remission rare in dogs, except for cases occurring with diestrus or pregnancy. This case demonstrates that diabetic remission is possible in dogs, even in cases without an identifiable reversible trigger.
A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats
Zonisamide was well tolerated and efficacious in controlling seizure activity in most cats.
median decrease in 1 seizure per month and 1 seizure day per month
AE: sedation 17%, ataxia 11%, hyporexia 17%, emesis 5%
1 cat - mild non-regen anemia
2 cats - metabiloc acidosis
6 cats - ELE
Serum symmetric dimethylarginine in older dogs: Reference interval and comparison of a gold standard method with the ELISA
The ELISA provided significantly higher SDMA concentrations compared to the validated LC-MS/MS method
- need for device- or assay-specific RI
- age-specific RI for SDMA is considerably higher in older dogs compared to the general laboratory RI
Comparison of timing of relapse in dogs with non-associative immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or polyarthritis
Risk of disease relapse in IMPA is highest in the first year after diagnosis, with a higher relapse rate compared with IMHA and ITP. The role of vaccination in disease relapse remains unclear.
1y relapse: IMPA 35% // IMHA 11% // ITP 11%
2y relapse: IMPA 41% // IMHA 18% // ITP 23%
96% of IMPA relapses occur in first 12mos
56% for IMHA
50% ITP
Vaccine admin after diagnosis not associated with relapse
Evaluation of a urine dipstick protein to urine specific gravity ratio for the detection of proteinuria in dogs and cats
Use of the DUR can be a relatively reliable method for identification of proteinuria. However, given its poor NPV, the DUR cannot be recommended for exclusion of proteinuric patients.
Correlation not influenced by active sediment, glucosuria, or urine pH
canine UPCR >0.5, an optimal DUR of 1.4 had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%, 83%, 96%, and 63%, respectively.
feline UPCR >0.4, an optimal DUR of 2.1 had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 70%, 100%, 100%, and 75%, respectively.
