2023 JVIM Flashcards
An investigation into an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in the United Kingdom
Contaminated-feed induced trichothecene mycotoxicosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pancytopenia in cats.
Case fatality rate 64%
86% cats fed 1 of 3 diets
Trichothecene mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
Clinical and clinicopathological features and outcomes of cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia
3 diets recalled
DAS mycotoxin present - hemato- and myelotoxic
Case fatality 78%
Bone marrow - hypo to aplasia
Disproportional effect on myeloid and megakaryocytic cells
No myelofibrosis or bone marrow necrosis
Mycotoxin induced bi/pancytopenia
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and variables associated with extent of clinically evident disease
No difference in concentrations between dogs with disease vs. control.
Lower Vit D levels with IgG titers GREATER THAN 1:32.
**Titers >1:32 more likely to have disseminated disease. **
CRP higher in dogs with titers >1:16.
Inverse relationship between vit D and CRP.
Short-term intra-individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease
in serial measurements are higher than the normal expected variation
Changes of
>100% for uNGAL
>60% for uKIM-1
investigate for underlying causes of kidney damage
Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany
Autochthonous B. canis infections associated with severe changes, SIRS, and multiorgan involvement.
Testing by PCR during and after treatment is advisable to monitor treatment success.
Screening of blood donors in high-risk areas and year-round tick protection is strongly recommended.
Clinical signs
- lethargy (100%)
- pale mucous membranes
- fever
- pigmenturia
Findings
- thrombocytopenia (100%)
- anemia 85%
- IV hemolysis 52%
- pancytopenia 41%
- SIRS 37%
Detection on blood smear and PCR
Tx: imidocarb
SCN9A variant in a family of mixed breed dogs with congenital insensitivity to pain
We confirmed the diagnosis of CIP in a family of mixed breed dogs and identified a likely pathogenic variant in the SCN9A gene.
Homozygous
Breed variants
- Border collies
- MBD
- Spaniels and pointers
No histopath changes
Absence of superficial and deep pain perception
Survival, remission, and quality of life in diabetic cats
association between feeding a commercially available wet diet and remission / remission without relapse
remission rate 29%
Reference intervals for plasma, urinary, and salivary concentrations of free metanephrines in dogs: Relevance to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Measurement of pNMN is superior to pMN in dogs with PCC.
normet»_space;> met
- more sensitive, equally specific
pheo had higher NMN than cushings and non-adrenal illness
MN - higher than cushings but not higher than non-adrenal illness
Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of 24 dogs with bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis without empyema (2010-2020)
Clinical signs = variable in dogs with BM/BMEM
nidus of infection often otitis media/interna (62%)
majority of dogs made a full recovery with treatment (84%)
median duration of clinical signs = 2d
pyrexia, cervical hyperesthesia
altered mentation, ataxia or non-ambulatory, head tild, CN deficits
intracellular bacteria in CSF 62%
median abx duration = 8 weeks
Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019)
Ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with
- kidney disease
–> aki 13%
–> CKD 8%
- neoplasia 10%
- idiopathic hypercalcemia 10%
Urolithiasis
- 84% of AKI cases
- 72% iatrogenic
- 61% CKD
- 50% idiopathic
Concurrent total hypercalcemia in 100% of primary hyperPTH and vitamin D tox
Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs
Salivary bile acids to diagnose extraesophageal reflux
**Salivary bile acids higher in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and brachcephalics than healthy dogs. **
BAL fluid bile acids higher in IPF than healthy
Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration occur in healthy dogs and those with respiratory diseases.
Cancer detection in clinical practice and using blood-based liquid biopsy: A retrospective audit of over 350 dogs
Liquid biopsy has the potential to increase detection of cancer when added to a dog’s wellness visit.
Cancer dx
- 4% during wellness visit
- 8% incidental
- 88% after owner reported CS
Liquid biopsy detected disease in 55% patients
- better with advanced stage disease
Horner syndrome as a physiological biomarker of disease in canine cervical myelopathy
Horner syndrome in cervical myelopathy is commonly associated with non-compressive intraparenchymal disease (58%).
FCE - most common with Horners
Parenchymal hyperintensity seen most common with Horners - 95%
Dogs that did not survive to discharge had mire extensive MRI lesions.
Overall high survival rate.
Lateralization of Horners matched MRI changes in 54%
Tonsillar carcinoma in dogs: Treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in 123 cases
Overall survival time 126d
Longer in those without metastasis 381d
Positive prognostic factors
- absence of CS
- tonsillectomy
- adjuvant chemo
- NSAIDs
Clinical utility of an immunoglobulin A-based serological panel for the diagnosis of chronic enteropathy in dogs
** NOT HELPFUL **
Poorly specific
Measured IgA directed against OmpC, calprotectin, gliadin-derived peptides.
Evaluation of cardiac troponin I as a predictor of death in critically ill cats
Abnormally high cTnI was common in critically ill cats.
NOT PROGNOSTICS IN CATS
- is prognostic in dogs
Higher in
- critically ill
- structural cardiac dz
- higher SAA
Prevalence of signs of lower urinary tract disease and positive urine culture in dogs with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study
Subclinical bacteriuria occurred in this cohort of dogs, and our findings reinforce the recommendation that urine cultures should not be routinely performed in diabetic dogs particularly if pyuria and bacteriuria are absent.
14% PUC
Of these dogs - 53% had pyuria, 27% had LUT signs
13% had PUC without signs of LUTD = subclinical bacteriuria
Association between PUC and pyuria/bacteriuria
Thoracolumbar myelopathies in pug dogs
Constrictive myelopathy = fibrous band around spinal cord occurs in pugs
Affected more than half of pug dogs presenting with chronic thoracolumbar myelopathies.
Most had multilevel disease, concurrent myelopathies, or both.
There was no apparent relationship between anatomic locations of caudal articular process dysplasia (CAPD) and most severe myelopathy or myelopathy type.
All dogs had at least one site with CAPD in TL region on MRI
Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin as biomarkers in dogs newly diagnosed with histoplasmosis
Histo
- lower Vitamin D
- higher CRP
- higher haptoglobin
Vit D positively associated with albumin and negatively associated with globulins/CRP.
Clinical utility of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) for identifying early red blood cell regeneration in anemic dogs
IRF = reliable for detecting early regeneration in anemic dogs without reticulocytosis.
IRF - higher in regen and pre-regen than controls.
Higher than in non-regen.
IRF better than reticulocyte production index.
Double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of prophylactic omeprazole in dogs treated surgically for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion
Short-term, prophylactic omeprazole treatment did not decrease clinically detectable GI complications in dogs with acute TL-IVDE.
GI signs more common in the omeprazole group
- diarrhea
Identification by whole genome sequencing of genes associated with delayed postoperative hemorrhage in Scottish deerhounds
SERPINF2 is associated with delayed post-op hemorrhage in Scottish deerhounds
Utility of 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin)-ester-lipase for monitoring dogs with chronic pancreatitis
DGGR-lipase activity was associated with the CPCSS.
DGGR did not do a good job at differentiating mild/mod vs. severe.
Emergency visits - higher DGGR-lipase activity and CPCSS
Effect of withholding food versus feeding on creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and other biochemical analytes in 100 healthy dogs
Withholding food = generally not necessary
May be helpful with triglycerides, BUN, and phos.
Minimal impact on glucose, bili, SDMA, creat, chol, and albumin.
Post-prandial lipase did not exceed RI in dogs with normal fasted lipase.
Clinical features of muscle stiffness in 37 dogs with concurrent naturally occurring hypercortisolism
Concurrent SMS and HC is uncommon.
May affect only dogs with pituitary dependent disease.
Most <20kg - large
Pelvic limbs most common
Development of SMS might occur before or after diagnosis of HC.
Does not affect clinical picture/ survival.
MST with SMS - 965d
Muscle weakness usually resolves with HC treatment SMS does not.
Assessment of peritubular capillary rarefaction in kidneys of cats with chronic kidney disease
Capillary rarefaction (decrease in capillary size and percent capillary area) is present in kidneys of cats with CKD and is positively correlated with renal dysfunction (ex: creat) and histopathologic (ex: glomerulosclerosis, inflammation, fibrosis) lesions.
Diagnostic features of type II fibrinoid leukodystrophy (Alexander disease) in a juvenile Beagle dog
3mo Beagle
progressive caudotentorial encephalopathy
MRI - diffuse, bilateral, T2 hyperintense, T1 hypointense, non-contrast enhancing lesion in white matter of cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and some forebrain. Cerebellar enlargement.
Normal CSF.
Euthanized due to progressive.
Fibrinoid leukodystrophy = Alexander Disease
Clinical features and long-term management of cats with primary hypoadrenocorticism using desoxycorticosterone pivalate and prednisolone
DOCP and prednisolone requirements in cats were higher than what is currently used in dogs.
DOCP starting dose = 2.2 mg/kg q28 days
- all cats in high or low dose group needed dose increase
Prednisolone maintenance dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day titrated to the individual need seems warranted.
Small adrenal glands (width < 2.7 mm)
British Shorthaired cats
CS - decreased condition, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, obstipation, weakness, weight loss, hypothermia
Retrospective analysis of immunosuppressive and anti-thrombotic protocols in nonassociative immune mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs
Addition of a second immunosuppressive agent did not alter immediate outcome but might be associated with a reduction in relapse.
Multiple antithrombotic agents did not reduce incidence of thrombosis.
2 drugs - no effect on PCV stabilization, duration of hosp, case fatality
Higher relapse in dogs with 1 drug.
Pred + mycophenolate - 1.8d longer in hospital vs. pred alone.
No other differences between variables for drug protocols.
Prognostic value of serum cystatin C concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Impaired renal function = poor prognostic in dogs with MMVD.
serum Cystatin C associated with MMVD death.
High serum Cys-C
- shorter survival
= worse prognosis
May be predictor of MMVD prognosis even in dogs with normal creat.
Quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images for characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in dogs with brain tumors
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction quantification using advanced imaging analyses has the potential to be used for assessment of brain tumor characteristics and behavior and, particularly, to help differentiating gliomas from meningiomas.
Different patterns for intra- vs. extra-axial tumors.
Thyroidectomy in dogs with thyroid tumors: Survival analysis in 144 cases (1994-2018)
Thyroidectomy = long life expectancy.
Overall MST 802d
78% >500d
Mets 8% at admission - higher fatality
Thrombosis in 27% - higher risk of death
Non-follicular carcinoma + chemotherapy - higher risk of death
- still consider thyroidectomy
Fecal microbiome in dogs with lymphoid and nonlymphoid tumors
Decreased gut microbiome diversity in dogs with tumors.
- decreased alpha diversity
- Bacteroides decreased
- Staph decreased
Aggressive tumors
- higher WBC, neuts
- lower HCT
- correlated with Coprococcus
Saccharimonas correlated with albumin and Na in all groups.
May be paraneoplastic.
Validation of Plateletworks ADP for the ProCyte Dx analyzer
Our study validated the Plateletworks ADP system on the ProCyte Dx analyzer. Samples may be analyzed up to 1h after collection.
Risk factors for upper urinary tract uroliths and ureteral obstruction in cats under referral veterinary care in the United Kingdom
Cats diagnosed with UUTU at a younger age have a more aggressive phenotype with higher risk of obstructive UUTU compared to cats over 12 years of age diagnosed with UUTU.
UUTU risk factors
- female
- pure-breds (BSH, burmese, persian, ragdoll, tonkinese)
- older than 4y
Obstructive UUTU risk
- female
- bilateral uroliths
- age – younger is more likely to be obstructive
Validation of a cage-side agglutination card for Dal blood typing in dogs
Dal agglutination cards are reliable as a cage-side test, but results should be interpreted cautiously in severely anemic patients.
98% DAL positive
DAL negative common in
- dobermans
- dalmations
Cage side agreed with Gel
PCV >20 - more reliable interpretation
Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias diagnosed using video capsule endoscopy in 15 dogs
Although rare, AGD should be considered in dogs with suspected GIB after a negative conventional endoscopy or surgical exporation. Video capsule endoscopy appears to be a sensitive test to identify AGD within the GI tract.
AGD - diagnosed in 5% with 80% of these dogs having overt GI bleeding.
73% had hematochezia
40% had microcytic, hypochromic anemia
AGD missed in 9/9 endoscopy and 3/3 explore dogs.
AGD
- stomach 3
- SI 4
- colon 13
A novel missense variant in the L2HGDH gene in a cat with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and multicystic cerebral lesions
9mo DSH - progressive tonic-clonic seizures, episodes of circling
PE: inconsistent menace
MRI - multifocal intra-axial white matter cysts
Increased excretion of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.
** L2HGDH gene nonsense varriant **
- encodes for L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
** Pathogenic gene (L2HGDH) variant in L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in cats and describe for the first time multicystic cerebral lesions on MRI. ***
Treated with Keppra, died 10d later.
Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of inhaled steroids administered via the AeroDawg spacing chamber in management of dogs with chronic cough
Improved QOL by median 69%
Decreased cough frequency, duration, and severity.
Feasibility improved with continued use.
This study supports the utility of fluticasone propionate by inhalation in management of cough in dogs with IAD and AWC.
Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs
Hypofolatemia is an inferior biomarker of CE compared to hypocobalaminemia.
Prediction of outcome after ligation or thin film banding of extrahepatic shunts, based on plasma albumin concentration and hematologic expression of 8 target genes in 85 dogs
The classical and alternative circulating renin-angiotensin system in normal dogs and dogs with stage B1 and B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease
Circulating alternative RAS activity, specifically the surrogate measure of ACE2 activity, was increased in dogs with stage B2 MMVD as compared to normal dogs. Equilibrium dialysis results are analogous to immediate protease inhibition in dogs.
Videofluoroscopic swallow study abnormalities identify aerodigestive disorders in dogs with respiratory disease versus healthy controls
Most (75%) RESP dogs had VFSS abnormalities, emphasizing that AeroD are common. The VFSS has value in diagnostic evaluation of respiratory disease.
Circulating neutrophil extracellular traps in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism
Neutrophil extracellualr traps, especially citH3, are increased in cats with HCM and CATE. They may serve as a novel therapeutic target and biomarker of thrombosis in cats with HCM.
Clinicopathologic and gastrointestinal effects of administration of prednisone, prednisone with omeprazole, or prednisone with probiotics to dogs: A double-blind randomized trial
Prednisone-induced gastric bleeding. Co-administration of omeprazole partially mitigated bleeding, but a similar protective benefit was not demonstrated by co-administration of the evaluated probiotic.
Echocardiographic values for normal conditioned and unconditioned North American whippets
Pet whippets in peak athletic condition have larger hearts than do less conditioned whippets, but measures of systolic function are similar. Whippet pet athletes may show eccentric LV hypertrophy at peak condition. Normal values for cardiac size and function in North American whippets might be considered abnormal if population-specific whippet reference intervals are not used in analysis.
Evaluation of oral telmisartan administration as a suppression test for diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats
The oral TST shows promise as a diagnostic test for the diagnosis of PHA in cats.
Prognostic value of pulmonary vascular resistance estimated by echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease and pulmonary hypertension
Left atrial enlargement and high PVRecho were independent prognostic factors in dogs with MMVD and detectable tricuspid regurgitation.
Ultrafiltration during intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with acute kidney injury
Ultrafiltration during IHD in dogs with AKI is overall safe. Higher prescribed ultrafiltration rates were associated with increased risk of complications. Decrease in central venous oxygen saturation is associated with ultrafiltration-related complications, emphasizing the utility of in-line blood monitoring.
An investigation into an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in the UK
Contaminated-feed induced trichothecene mycotoxicosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pancytopenia in cats
Clinical and clinicopathological features and outcomes of cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia
Mycotoxin induced pancytopenia should be considered a differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy cats presenting with bi- or pancytopenia and bone marrow hypo- to aplasia
Effect of laboratory and sample storage factors on urinary protein:creatinine ratios and clinical decision making in cats
Laboratory choice for UPC measurement can result in different IRIS substaging for the same cat, whereas urine storage at room temperature for 1 day or in the refrigerator for up to 7 days does not clinically affect UPC.
Hyperlipasemia in dogs with acute kidney injury treated with and without hemodialysis
Hyperlipasemia is frequent and often marked in dogs with AKI despite only a minority being diagnosed with pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia is associated with AKI severity but not independently with HD treatment. High IRIS grade and hyperlipasemia were associated with nonsurvival.
Mineral, trace element, and toxic metal concentration in hair from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy controls
Altered trace element status could be involved in the pathophysiology of IE in dogs. Antiseizure drugs might affect trace element and arsenic metabolism.
Effectiveness of 2-dimensional shear wave elastography for noninvasive and reliable estimation of right atrial pressure in dogs with induced volume overload
Two-dimensional shear wave elastography might be useful for noninvasive and reliable estimation of RAP in dogs with acute volume overload and has potential as a quantitative biomarker for evaluating therapeutic response in dogs with right sided congestive heart failure.
Right heart echocardiographic variables and prediction of clinical severity in dogs with pulmonary stenosis
Structural and functional right heart echocardiographic variables are associated with echocardiographic and clinical severity in dogs with PS. A multiparametric approach is advised to better assess PS severity.
Characterization of intestinal fibrosis in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Additional stains at initial histopathologic examination of IBSp allow for better identification of IF compared to routine HE staining. Identification of IF in colonic biopsy specimens by vimentin immunolabeling and MT staining may provide prognostic information in cats with CIE.
Plasma and urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine concentrations using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in healthy cats and in a cat with pheochromocytoma (PCC)
We report preliminary reference intervals for plasma and urinary metanephrines in cats using LC-MS-MS and the potential clinical applicability of these biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCC in cats.
N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin-I, and point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with cardiac and noncardiac causes of nonhemorrhagic ascites
NT-proBNP concentration and POCUS help distinguish between cNHA and ncNHA.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocyst shedding in feral and owned cats in Damascus, Syria
The clinical importance of Toxoplasmosis in humans lies in the transmission of Toxoplasma to the fetus especially in the first trimester, resulting in severe clinical symptoms in the infant and leading to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or other serious health problems and severe sequelae (e.g., mental retardation, blindness, hearing, and neurological disorders). Our results showed higher prevalence in Syria than in Lebanon. High amounts of T. gondii-like oocyst shedding were detected in both feral and client-owned cats in Damascus, emphasizing the importance of further research to understand T. gondii infection in people and animals in this region.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained from cats (2013-2020)
No antimicrobial achieved >90% susceptible designation to all bacteria isolated highlighting the importance of performing urine culture and susceptibility testing, particularly for cats with recurrent bacterial cystitis.
Hemostatic profiles in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome
Hypercoagulability was common in both dogs with SARDS and controls, but dogs with SARDS were significantly more hypercoagulable on TEG. The role of hypercoagulability in the pathogenesis of SARDS remains to be determined.
Benign ureteral obstruction in cats: Outcome with medical management
We found a higher success rate for MM (medical management) of BUO than previously reported. Smaller distal uroliths (<1-2 mm) were more likely to pass.
Presumed pituitary apoplexy in 26 dogs: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes
Dogs with pituitary apoplexy present with a variety of acute signs of neurological disease and inconsistent endocrine dysfunction. Dogs that survive to discharge can have a favorable outcome.
Evaluation of a rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria in dogs
The RIA was easy to perform and had good sensitivity and excellent specificity in this group of dogs. The RIA might be a useful screening test for decision-making regarding antimicrobial therapy in dogs with a clinical indication for urine culture. Consideration could be given to amending the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Disease definition of bacterial cystitis as the presence of signs of lower urinary tract disease together with positive culture or a positive RIA.
Clinical utility of fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility in cats and dogs with histoplasmosis
Fungal culture did not improve diagnostic sensitivity when used with cytopathology and antigen detection. Susceptibility testing might help identify isolates for which fluconazole is less likely to be effective.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in dogs with nasal tumors
Nasal sarcomas have lower BV and BF than nasal carcinomas, and sarcomas have a lower size reduction than carcinomas early on during RT. Baseline results and changes in perfusion parameters may not be correlated with survival.
Development of a reliable clinical assessment tool for meningoencephalitis in dogs: The neurodisability scale (NDS)
The NDS is a novel clinical measure for objective assessment of neurological dysfunction and showed good reliability when used prospectively in MUO patients but, in this small population, no association with outcome could be identified.
Potential mechanism for hyperhomocysteinemia (HCC) in Greyhound dogs
Our findings suggest a primary defect in conversion of HCy (homocysteine) to methionine in Greyhounds, with related impaired folate generation. Ineffective cycling by methionine synthase could lead to secondary cobalamin depletion. Notably, low serum folate and cobalamin concentrations can be observed in Greyhounds without signs of intestinal disease.
Non-traumatic hemorrhagic myelopathy in dogs
Larger prospective studies would be required to define prognostic factors for dogs with NTSH, but outcome appeared to be most influenced by the underlying cause, as opposed to neurological severity at presentation.
Serum proteome of dogs with chronic enteropathy
Cytokine alterations, acute phase response signaling, and lipid metabolism are likely involved in pathogenesis of CE. Although there are insufficient current data to justify the use of proteomic biomarkers for assessment of CE in dogs, our study identifies potential candidates.
Albuminuria and proteinuria in dogs infected with Dirofilaria repens: A cross-sectional study
D. repens might cause similar glomerular lesions to those caused by D. immitis.
Etiology and effusion characteristics in 29 cats and 60 dogs with pyothorax (2010-2020)
Pyothorax had similar etiologies in cats and dogs. Cats had higher fluid cell counts, higher numbers of bacterial isolates identified per patient, and intracellular bacteria detected more commonly than did dogs.
Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunodiffusion for detection of anti-Histoplasma antibodies in serum from cats and dogs
Antibody detection by EIA can be used to support the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats and dogs. Immunodiffusion has an unacceptably low diagnostic sensitivity and is not recommended.
Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation—ORCA study—Multicenter prospective observational study: Prognostic impact and predictors of rate control
Rate control affects survival; an optimal target meanHR <125 bpm should be sought in dogs with AF. Baseline patient variables can help predict if rate control is achievable.
ACVIM consensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low-grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats
Consensus statement
Oculosystemic pneumocystosis in 2 sibling Chihuahuas
Case report
Immune-mediated polyneuropathy in cats: Clinical description, electrodiagnostic assessment, and treatment
Immune-mediated motor axonal polyneuropathy should be considered in young cats with muscle weakness. This condition may be similar to acute motor axonal neuropathy in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients. Based on our results, diagnostic criteria have been proposed.
Safety and effectiveness of the sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor bexagliflozin in cats newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
Bexagliflozin decreased hyperglycemia and observed clinical signs in cats newly diagnosed with DM. As a once-daily PO medication, bexagliflozin may simplify management of DM in cats.
Incidence of acute kidney injury in dogs with systemic mycotic infections treated with amphotericin B (1996-2020)
Incidence of AKI with AmB is common but does not always preclude continued treatment. The incidence of AKI is similar between AmB-D and ABLC, but dogs receiving ABLC tolerated a higher cumulative total dose before AKI diagnosis.
Escherichia coli-associated follicular cystitis in dogs: Clinical and pathologic characterization
Chronic inflammation associated with an intramural E. coli infection in the urinary bladder wall represents a possible triggering factor for the development of follicular cystitis.
Clinical investigation and management of Brucella suis seropositive dogs: A longitudinal case series
Most dogs with B. suis infections have subclinical infections. Serology is poorly associated with clinical disease. Excretion of organisms appears rare except in whelping bitches. Clinical management using antibiotics with or without surgery is recommended.
Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or other acute enteropathies
Juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or NPVAD (non-parvoviral acute diarrhea) had lower serum cobalamin concentrations than healthy juvenile dogs. However, based on serum MMA (methylmalonic acid) concentrations cellular cobalamin deficiency was not apparent.
Serum insulin concentration in dogs with insulinoma as a clinical marker for presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis
Serum insulin concentrations were not different between dogs with or without metastasis at diagnosis. The degree of insulinemia does not provide further information regarding the stage of the disease and is not associated with survival time in dogs with insulinoma.
Evaluation of gallbladder motility assessed by ultrasonography in dogs with hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia leads to GB distention in dogs which could lead to retention of bile and gallbladder disease.
Synergistic inhibitory effects of clopidogrel and rivaroxaban on platelet function and platelet-dependent thrombin generation in cats
Treatment combining clopidogrel and rivaroxaban (DAT) safely decreases platelet activation, platelet response to agonists, and thrombin generation in feline platelets more effectively than monotherapy with either clopidogrel or rivaroxaban.
Effect of pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) on the survival of dogs treated with radiotherapy for pituitary macroadenomas
No statistical difference in survival was identified between the PDH and non-PDH groups, and longer survival was associated with higher Gy delivered.
Therapeutic response and prognostic factors of 14 dogs undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular masses: A retrospective study
History of intra-abdominal hemorrhage and large pre-TAE (transcatheter arterial embolization) tumor volume/body weight ratio could be predictive factors for adverse outcomes after TAE. Pre-TAE tumor volume/body weight ratio could be a predictive factor for therapeutic effect.
Cephalic and saphenous venous blood collected by continuous heating of the paws compared with arterial blood for measurement of blood gas values in well-perfused dogs
Under experimental conditions, the ASV (arterialized saphenous venous blood) samples were more identical to the AB (arterial blood) samples than the ACV (arterialized cephalic venous blood) samples for pH, PCO2, [HCO3−], and BE values in well-perfused dogs. The saphenous vein is suitable for “arterialization.”
Hypertensive nonobstructive hydrocephalus as main magnetic resonance imaging feature in a dog with disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis
Case report
Prognosis of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma after surgical resection in small-breed dogs: 52 cases (2005-2021)
The tumor size classification of CLCS (canine lung carcinoma stage) would be an important prognostic factor in small-breed dogs with surgically resected PACs.
Description of a novel method for detection of sleep-disordered breathing in brachycephalic dogs
Brachycephaly is associated with SDB. The neckband system is a feasible way of characterizing SDB in dogs.
A 20-year scoping review of the veterinary interventional radiology and interventional endoscopy literature (2000-2019)
Treatments involving IR/IE have wide applicability in veterinary medicine but large, rigorous, and comparative studies describing these procedures are lacking.
Investigation of the presence of specific neural antibodies in dogs with epilepsy or dyskinesia using murine and human assays
Specific neural antibodies were not detected using mouse and human target antigens in dogs with epilepsy and dyskinesia of unknown origin. These findings emphasize the need for canine-specific assays and the importance of control groups.
The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for oligodendrogliomas in dogs
The T2FMM can be readily identified on routinely obtained MRI sequences. It is a specific biomarker for oligodendroglioma in dogs, and was significantly associated with non-enhancing LGO (low-grade oligodendrogliomas).
Prospective evaluation of a telmisartan suppression test as a diagnostic tool for primary hyperaldosteronism in cats
The oral telmisartan suppression test using a single dose of 2 mg/kg telmisartan did not discriminate cats with PHA from healthy middle-aged cats or cats with diseases that may result in secondary hyperaldosteronism.
Serum proteome profiles in cats with chronic enteropathies
Damage to the gut lining released marker proteins of chronic inflammation that were detectable in serum samples of cats. This early-stage exploratory study strongly supports THBS1 (thrombospondin-1) as a candidate biomarker for chronic inflammatory enteropathy in cats.
Clinical features, comparative imaging findings, treatment, and outcome in dogs with discospondylitis: A multi-institutional retrospective study
Radiograph and MRI results could be discrepant in dogs with discospondylitis. Prior trauma and corticosteroids could be associated with relapse and progressive neurological dysfunction, respectively.
Mutations in the CYP27B1 gene cause vitamin D dependent rickets in pugs
Case report
A novel meningioma with tyrosine-rich crystals in a 6-year-old Great Dane
Case report
Magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic characterization of combined osseous- and disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs
A substantial percentage of dogs with CSM (cervical spondylomyelopathy) present with concomitant IVD protrusion and osseous proliferations, most at the same site. Characterizing this combined form is important in the management of dogs with CSM because it could affect treatment choices.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in 8 dogs and 2 cats with global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (GHIBI) (2010-2022)
Duration of hypoxic-ischemic insult, diffuse brainstem involvement, MRI features, and rate of neurological recovery could provide indications of the likelihood of functional recovery after GHIBI.
Letter regarding “Validation of a cage-side agglutination card for Dal blood typing in dogs” – Validation of agglutination card kit or simple comparison to gel column method for canine Dal blood typing?
Response to letter regarding “Validation of a cage-side agglutination card for Dal blood typing in dogs”
Phenotypic and genetic aspects of hereditary ataxia in dogs
Review articles
Urinary bladder hemangiosarcoma in a cat treated with partial cystectomy and adjuvant metronomic cyclophosphamide and thalidomide
Case report
Right atrial thrombus formation in a dog after successful electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
Case report
Prevalence of hypercalcemia in primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: Multicenter, retrospective study
This study identified several key clinical and biochemical variables associated with hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism. These findings aid understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.
Comparison of cystocentesis versus home sampling to determine urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats
Home sampling of urine is a valid alternative to cystocentesis in cats. However, because clinically relevant differences in UPC and USG were present in 28% and 18% of cats, respectively, by the same collection method for monitoring each cat is advised.
Effect of a specially formulated diet on progression of heart enlargement in dogs with subclinical degenerative mitral valve disease
Feeding a specially formulated diet for 365 days was not associated with a significantly different rate of change of left heart size in dogs with subclinical DMVD as compared to control.
