2020 JVIM Flashcards
Risk factors associated with disturbances of calcium homeostasis after initiation of a phosphate-restricted diet in cats with chronic kidney disease
Lower plasma potassium or phosphate concentrations or both at the time of transition of cats with CKD to a phosphate-restricted diet are independently associated with increased risk of an increase in plasma tCa concentration. Increasing plasma tCa concentration is associated with progression of CKD.
creatinine, SDMA, phosphate, and FGF23 concentrations had significantly increased rates of change in cats with increasing plasma tCa concentration over time.
Evaluation of a novel monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of Histoplasma antigen in urine of dogs
The IM EIA might be useful for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in dogs, but clinical usefulness will be limited in dogs with histoplasmosis localized to the GI tract.
IM EIA =
Sensitivity - 70%
Specificity - 99%
Accuracy - 93%
MV EIA =
Sensitivity - 95%
Specificity - 99%
Accuracy - 98%
Effect of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 on plasma equilibrium angiotensin peptide concentrations in dogs with heart disease
The AP profile during telmisartan treatment is associated with higher plasma Ang1-7 as compared with during ACEI. This favorable shift is potentiated in vitro by combination of ARB + rhACE2. These data support potential AP-targeting strategies and drugs in dogs with DMVD.
In vivo detection of microstructural spinal cord lesions in dogs with degenerative myelopathy using diffusion tensor imaging
Findings suggest that fractional anisotropy has the potential to be a biomarker for spinal cord lesion development in DM and could play an important role in improving diagnosis and monitoring of this condition.
DM had significant decreases in FA in regions of the spinal cord that had high expected lesion load. Correlates with neurologic grade.
Recurrence-free interval 12 months after local treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs using intratumoral injection of tigilanol tiglate
Tigilanol tiglate provided a durable long-term local response for the treatment of MCT in dogs.
89% of evaluated patients tumor free at the treatment site and 11% reoccurence.
All reoccurrences within first 6 months - mostly first 12 weeks (3mos).
Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs
Study of possible diet associated DCM.
Dogs with DCM eating nontraditional diets can experience improvement in cardiac function after diet change but additional research is needed to examine possible associations between diet and DCM.
Larger percentage of normalized systolic left ventricular internal dimension and LA:Ao compared to those who did not have their diets changed.
MST longer if switched diets. (337 vs. 215)
Comprehensive comparison of upper and lower endoscopic small intestinal biopsy in cats with chronic enteropathy
Integrating IHC and clonality testing increased the number of cases diagnosed with LSA, but the consequence for patient outcome is unclear. There was moderate agreement between USI and LSI samples. Samples from the LSI rarely changed the diagnosis.
IBD = 42.1%
Pos or Prob LSA = 26.3%
Def LSA = 31.6%
IHC and clonality increased amount classified to LSA
Final diagnosis IBD 22.8% and LSA 77.2%
Only 2% LSA diagnosed on lower alone.
High serum creatinine concentration is associated with metabolic perturbations in dogs
Identified several metabolic changes associated with increased creat, including prospective diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Further research is needed.
NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) metabolomics test is a promising tool.
Assessed citrate, AAs, albumin, and FAs
Citrate - increased - various range, associated with impaired renal function in humans and rats, retention associated with metabolic acidosis
Phenylalanine - normal to increased
Tyrosine - decreased
Total BCAA - decreased
Valine - decreased
Leucine - decreased
Albumin - increased or decreased
Acetate - higher
Omega 3 and 6- decreased
Alanine - increased
Experimental infection of cats with Cystoisospora felis
Fecal flotation is a convenient assay for detection of C. felis but could occasionally give false-negative results when compared to this ITS1 PCR.
Shed oocysts @ day 10, stopped by day 15
DNA amplified from 66.6% fecal samples from 6/6 cats
CS not present
Feline mycobacterial disease in northern California: Epidemiology, clinical features, and antimicrobial susceptibility
The most prevalent RGM species isolated from cats from northern California are M smegmatis and M fortuitum. Susceptibility to prescribed antimicrobials does not appear to guarantee treatment success. Combination drug treatment is recommended. Repeat culture and susceptibility testing should be performed when disease is persistent/relapsing.
M. avium more likely to be disseminated + resistant to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides
Disease of skin/subcutis and outdoor access = features of RGM
Resistance to 3rd / 4th generation cephalosporins
Death in 3/4 M. avium
4 / 15 cats remission with RGM
