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Para PQ's 1 > 2018 from Toddler- Entomology > Flashcards

2018 from Toddler- Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

Summaries of the life cycles

A

Hemi-metamorph: mange/scabies and Mite
Epi-metamorph: bugs and lice
Holo-metamorph: Beetle, fleas, flies and mosquitos

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2
Q

The taxon name/order name of Bugs?

A

Heteroptera

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3
Q

Life cycle of the bugs is?

A

Epi

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4
Q

What is the feed for bugs?

A

Blood

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5
Q

The female bugs lay down:

A

Eggs

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6
Q

How many nymph stages does bug have?

A

5

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7
Q

Where is the mouth of bug?

A

Ventrally

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8
Q

Geographical occurence of Cimex lectularius?

A

Worldwide

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9
Q

Bed-bugs (Cimex lectularius) occur in the building of:

A

Poultry houses

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10
Q

The Bed-bugs may occur especially in the building of:

A

Egg-laying hens

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11
Q

What kind of pathogens are transmitted by the Bed-bugs?

A

None of them!

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12
Q

Is the Bed-bug a vector for anything if so what?

A

yes bed bugs (cimex lectularis) are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi)

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13
Q

How many times does Bed-bug take blood meals during life cycle?

A

At one stage many times. They are obligate blood feeders. The adults and nymph stage usually visit their hosts during the night to take blood meals

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14
Q

Bed-bug blood sucking? (?)

A

5 or 6

They can survive for 6-7 months without blood meal!

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15
Q

Bites sleeping victims:

A 
Bed bugs (cimex lectularis)
Reduviidae (kissing bugs)
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16
Q

The species of Triatoma (Kissing bugs) occur in:

A

Latin and south America

NOT in Europe

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17
Q

How can Kissing bugs inoculate Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)?

A

With their faeces

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18
Q

How does the Blood sucking bug infect you?

A

You rub it into yourself
After the bug bites and ingests blood, they defecate on the person. The person can become infected if T. cruzi parasites in the bug faeces enter the body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin.

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19
Q

Xeno-diagnosis

A

Biological vector of T. cruzi are Triatoma spp, Rhodnius spp and Panstrongylus spp.
Blood sucking bugs!
And examining their faeces

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20
Q

Beetle occurs in which building?

A

Poultry house: Darkling beetle-Alphitobius diaperinus)

NOT parasitic, just a pest of stored products

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21
Q

What is the scientific name for the Asian tiger mosquito?

A

Aedes albpictus

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22
Q

Feeding method of mosquitoes:

A 
Only the females feed on blood meal- circadian rhythm!
Both males (feathery, plumose antennae) and females (shortpilose natennae) feed on fruit juices, nectar and liquids
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23
Q

Feeding activity of mosquitoes:

A

Nocturnal, diurnal and crepuscular

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24
Q

Mosquiotos are vectors of

A

Biological or Mechanical vectors of
Protozoa – Plasmodium spp.
Viruses – e.g. West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Dengue fever, Myxomatosis
Nematodes – Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm), D. repens, lymphoid filariosis (elephantiasis)

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25
Which fly is the greatest nuisance to horses?
Black flies
26
The females of Black-flies lay?
Eggs in batches (150-500 creamy-white eggs) on stone/vegetation next to running water or in.
27
Where do the Black-flies breed?
Fast-flowing water
28
What does the female gnat lay down?
Coccoon spinned by last larvae
29
Female Black-fly:
Only the females are blood feeders! Diurnal Exophilic Exophagic
30
The antennae of the Black-flies are:
Short with many 9-12 segments
31
The Black-flies are the vectors of:
Onchocerca - river blindness
32
Black-flies mechanical and biological vectors of:
Protozoa – Leucocutozoon smithi, L. simondi Viruses – Equine encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, myxomatosis Nematodes – Onchocerca spp. of horses and humans (river blindness – O. volvulus)
33
The family name of Biting midges is:
Ceratopagonidae family | Genus is Cullicoides
34
Where do Culicoides spp. develop?
Water vegetation! | Slow running streams, damp soil, manure heaps. Have specialised habitats
35
The Biting midges wings are:
Mottled, patterned
36
The feeding behaviour of the male Biting midges:
Only the females feed on the vertebrate blood
37
Which spends most of its time in larval form?
Biting midges- most of life spent in larval form
38
What works as a vector for Blue-tongue?
Culicoides
39
The biting midges are not the vectors of the pathogens of?
Leishmaniosis
40
What are the biting midges vectors of
Mechanical and Biological vectors of | Protozoa – Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp. Nematodes – Onchocerca reticulate, O. ervicalis Viruses – Blue-tongue
41
Culicoides impunctatus causes:
Eq- allergic dermatitis (sweet itch of the horse)- ponies v sensitive Human: summer dermatitis
42
What is the family of sandflies
Family: Psychodidae Subfamily: Phlebotominae
43
Sand-flies in latin:
Phlebotomus (old world) and Lutzomyia (new world)
44
When are Phlebotominae spp. active?
Crepsuscular or nocturnal
45
Do male and female Sand-flies eat the same thing?
No. Only females feed with blood (blood-sucking mouthparts present). Both male and female sand- flies feed on natural sources of sugar; plant juices.
46
Sand-fly wings are:
Hairy and characteristically held at an angle above the abdomen
47
Sand-fly has what developmental part:
Egg-- 4 larval stages-- Pupa-- adult
48
Sand-flies are vectors of:
Mechanical and Biological vectors | Protozoa – Leishmania spp. (30 sand-fly spp.) Viruses – Paptasi fever, vesicular stomatitis Nematodes – Onchocerca spp.
49
Horse fly genus
Tabanus: bromius and bovinus
50
Tsetse fly family name?
Glossinidae
51
Which take blood meals in family Tabanidae?
Only females
52
What is the genus name of deerflies?
Genus: Chrysops Family: Tabanidae
53
Tsetse fly genus name
Glossina
54
When is the Tsetse fly active?
During the day- mostly in daylight! Diurnal
55
Female Tsetse fly lays:
L3- 3rd instar larval stage with polyneustic lobes
56
Where do Tsetse flies develop?
In ground Fusca group – Forested habitats, rain, swamp, and man-grove forests Palpalis group – Among vegetation around lakes and along rivers and streams Morsitans group – Dry savannah habitats, scrub vegetation
57
Tsetse fly feeding:
Male and females are blood feeders
58
Horse ked?
Hippobosca equina
59
Dog ked?
Hippobosca longipennis
60
Deer ked (looses its wings)
Lipoptena cervi
61
Sheep ked
Melophagus ovinus
62
Hippoboscidae feeding:
Both males and females are blood feeders. | Females are vivparous (=live birth, fully gown L3)
63
Hippoboscidae are:
Larviparous and viviparous
64
Keds are:
Larviparous and viviparous
65
Family of Louse fly (keds):
Hippoboscidae
66
Which fly species becomes wingless after a while?
Lipoptena cervi
67
Which form do Forest flies lay?
Egg
68
Melophagus ovinus feeding:
Male and female adults feed on sheep blood
69
Melophagus ovinus deposition:
L3 fully grown larvae are depositted on the fleece of sheep every 7-8 days
70
Musca flies that likes the faeces of Pigs?
Musca domestica
71
Common Names and their scientific names
``` House fly- musca domestica Lesser house fly- fannia cannicularis Stable fly- stomoxys calcitrans Face fly (facultative blood feeder)- musca autumnalis Horn fly- haemotobia irritans Sheep head fly- hydrotea irritans ```
72
What order does Fannia canicularis belong to?
Order: Diptera (flies) Division: Cyclorrhapha
73
Which fly attack dairy Cattle on the legs?
Stomoxys calcitrans
74
Which fly bites the ears of Dogs?
Stomoxys calcitrans
75
Dog fly:
Stomoxys calcitrans. Also known as stable fly, barn fly, biting house fly, or power mower fly.
76
Which is the mechanical vector of Moraxella bovis (pink eye disease)?
Musca autumnalis (face fly)- this is also the vector of Thelasia and parafilaria spp
77
What kind of vector can cause eye-worm infection in Cattle?
Face flies (musca autumnalis)
78
Latin name of the most common fly species that infest grazing cattle?
Haemotobia irritans
79
Define myiasis:
Infection with a fly larva, usually occurring in tropical and sub-tropical areas. There are several ways for flies to transmit their larvae to people.
80
Myiasis sensu stricto = Traumatic or Wound myiasis
Caused by Calliphoridae and Sacrophagidae
81
Myiasis sensu lato
Caused by calliphoridae, Sacrophagidae and Oestridae
82
Family Calliphoridae *blow flies* common and scientific names
Sheep blowfly (facultative parasite flystrike)- Lucilla serricata New-world screw worm fly: Cochliomyia hominivorax Old-worm Screw worm fly: Chrysomya bezziana
83
Common green-bottle fly latin name:
Lucilla serricata (so it is the sheep blowfly?)
84
Sacrophagidae
Flesh flies- mainly Wohlfahrtia magnifica
85
Family Oestridae and the subfamilies
Hypodermatinae, Gasterophilinae. Oestrinae, Cuterebrinae
86
Warble or heel flies?
``` Subfamily: Hypodermatinae Genus: hypoderma -bovis -lineatum -actaeon -diana (in roe deer) ```
87
"Gad" caused by
Hypoderma bovis
88
Elisa test is used to detect:
Hypoderma bovis- sued to detect specific proteolytic enzymes of the first larvae= Hypodermin A,B,C
89
Genus of Heel fly (cattle grub):
H. bovis and lineatum
90
Bot flies
``` Subfamily: Gasterophilinae Genus: Gasterophilus -intestinales- the common bot fly -nasalis- the throat bot fly -haemorrhoidalis- the nose bot fly ```
91
Which fly lays eggs on the legs of a horse
Gasterophilus intestinalis- the common bot fly
92
What fly invades the tongue in the oral cavity?
Gasterophilinae (bot flies) | First instar larvae can penetrate the tongue, the interdental space of the molars and the buccal mucosa
93
G. intestinalis, G. haemorrhoidalis, and G. pecorum cause:
Creeping eruption in the skin of humans
94
Oestrus ovis
The sheep nasal bot fly
95
This species can cause ‘false gid’ (incoordination, circle movement):
Oestrus
96
What causes nasal myiasis in horses?
Rhinoestrus pupureus and usbekistanicus
97
The human bot fly
Dermatobia hominis Is particularly harmful for cattle Parasitic myiasis of humans, livestock and dogs and cats
98
Dermatobia hominis occurs in
Central and south America
99
This vector infests other insects:
Dermatobia hominis
100
Dermatobia hominis occurs in:
Eggs: on other insects Larvae: in the vector or in the final host- burrow into FH skin and develop in the SC Mature larave: pupate in the soil
101
Which fly lies eggs on ecto-parasites?
Dermatobius hominis- lay eggs on other insects- mainly flies and mosquitoes
102
Flies that cause obligatory myiasis: MCQ
Chrysomia bezziana Wohlfahrtia magnifica Cochliomya hominivorax The fly species must have parasitic larvae (Screw worms and botflies) Require a host for development
103
Flies that cause facultative myiasis:
Lucilla cuprina (gree bottle fly) LArvae can be free-living or parasitis Opportunistic- can switch btw free-living and dead tissues Adults are attracted to open wounds
104
Burrowing mites
Sarcoptes Notoedres Knemidokoptes
105
Non-burrowing mites
Psoroptes Chorioptes Otodectes
106
Where do mites belong?
Sub-phylum: Chelicerata | Class: Arachnida
107
Mite life cycle:
Hemi-metamorphosis / Incomplete metamorphosis
108
Which mite lives in deep burrows within the dermis?
Notoedres
109
Nasal mite. Spell correctly:
Pneumonyssoides caninum | *this can cause hypo/anosomia
110
Where in the world can you detect Trombidiidae? (red velvet mites)
Europe, Asia, North Africa, Australia, India, Palearctic ecozone
111
Life cycle of Mange mites:
Hemi-metamorphosis
112
Clinical signs of mange / scabies:
Alopecia Pruritis Dermatits Scabs and crusts
113
Name the sub-order of Mange?
Astigmata
114
Mite, clinical signs start on neck and face?
Sarcoptes
115
Clinical signs of the different types of mange
``` Sarcoptes and notoedres: head Knemidokoptes: Poultry Psoroptes: back and ear Chorioptes: back and tail Otodectes: ear ```
116
Horse, cow, sheep and goat- types of mange?
3 Sarcoptic, Psoroptic and Chorioptic
117
Type of mange in pigs
1- Sarcoptic
118
Mange in dogs
2: Sarcoptic and otodectic
119
Mange in cats:
2: Notoedric and Otodectic
120
Mange in rabbits
1: Psoroptic
121
Scabies of humans
1: Sarcoptic
122
Mange of the horse
S scabei var equii P. equi and cuniculi C. bovis - of the foot
123
Treatment of mange in Horse?
Moxidectin
124
How many types of mange infect Horses?
3 types but 4 mange species
125
Mange of cattle
S. scabei var bovis P. ovis C. texanus
126
Chorioptes mange effects Cow’s:
Tail
127
Mange of sheep
S. scabiei var ovis P. ovis C. bovis
128
Chorioptes mange effect Sheep’:
Foot
129
Treatment of Sheep mange:
Dipping or injectables e.g Ivermectin at least 2 treatments a week apart
130
Mange of Goat
S. scabiei var caprae P. cuniculi- limited to the base of the ear C. bovis of the foot
131
Mange of pig
Only 1: S. scabiei var suis Hypersensitive form: no nites found therefore need ELISA for diagnosis Chronic form: only a few animals are affected- mainly sows and boars- lots of mites can be found in the skin scrapings
132
Treatment of mange in Pig:
Ivermectin: inj or feed additive
133
Mange of dog
S. scabiei var canis | O. cynotis (ear)
134
Forms of mange in dogs
Acute/hypersensitive Chronic/norweigan Scabies incognita
135
Signs of mange in dogs
Ears, muzzle, lateral elbows and hock
136
Acute mange in Dogs, initial lesions:
Erythema with papules-- crust-- alopecia-- intense pruritis
137
Severe form of sarcoptic mange in Dogs known as:
"Crusted scabies:
138
Acute mange in Dogs, diagnosis:
Skin scrapings- but this has low sensitivity as no mites are found in 20-60% of infected animals ELISA
139
Mange in Dogs zoonotic?
True. Normally self-limiting and highly pruritic
140
Mange of cat:
N. cati (head) | O. cynotis (ear)
141
Where does Notoedres cati start?
Medially on ear pinna, intense pruritis that is very contagious
142
Notoedres cati (head) common in:
Stray cats- especially males
143
Otodectes cynotis (ear) common in:
Ear mange is very common in cats. From dams to their kittens, via contaminated combs, burses, bedding, and grooming accessories, eggs may also be transported by fleas.
144
Otodectes cynotis (ear) pathogenesis:
Mites in ecternal ear canal- close to the drum. Usually secondary after bact or fungal infections Thickening of upper layers of the epidermis 75% have bilateral involvement
145
Clinical signs in mange of Cats:
Scratching and head shaking Spread to the FL's Audito-podal reflex- when massaging the base of the ear Wax and crust build up
146
Treatment of mange in Cats:
Clean prior, need to treat twice a week for 6-8 weeks, there is often remission 2-3 weeks after NO AMITRAZ!! No Ivermectin if younger than 6 weeks/ poor BCS Ivermectin and doramectin off label
147
Mange of Cats, zoonotic?
True
148
Ivermectin is contraindicated in Cats under 6 weeks of age:
True
149
Treatment mange in cat?
Ivermectin and Doramectin
150
You noticed a flattened insect crawling on the chest fur of a cat. You can also detect something white on the hair shafts. Which parasite is it? (?)
Notoedres
151
Mange of Rabbit
P. cuniculi- ear canker | *Rabbit, horse and goat can get P. cuniculi??**
152
Most common mites in Rabbits:
Psoroptes cuniculi!! | Or: cheyletiella parasitovorax and Listophorus gibbus (fur mites)
153
Mange of Po
Knemidokoptes gallinae – Depluming itch Knemidokoptes mutans – Scaly leg Knemidokoptes pliae – Scaly face, Tassel foot
154
Scabies of Humans
S. scabiei (hyper-keratotic or Norweigan form)
155
Which of these can infest Humans? MCQ
Sarcoptic scabiei | Ctenocephalides felis
156
The life cycle of Demodex mites:
Hemi-metamorphosis
157
Which spp. has 2 types of Demodicosis?
Cattle and horse - squamous and pustular form
158
First signs of Demodicosis in Horse?
Head (face, neck and shoulders)
159
Which is not useful in Horses against Demodex spp.?
Amitraz- is poisonous or Fenbedazole use Pyrethroids or Doramectin
160
Which Demodex spp. is not in ruminants?
Demodex gatoi (in cats)
161
There may be yellowish, dry materials on the skin of preputial and vulvar region, and it is caused by Demodex mites of:
Sheep
162
Demodex mites can cause nodules about 1-2 cm in diameter in:
Goat
163
Which Demodex species belongs to the Pig?
Demodex phylloides
164
How many Demodex spp. in Dog?
``` 2 species: injai and cornei 6 types of Demodicosis: -Localised -Generalised -Alopecic -Prodemodicosis Demodectic pododermatitis -Demodectic otacariosis ```
165
Alopecic Demodicosis in Dogs:
Erythema- red mange- initially there is no pruritis
166
Generalised or Pustular Demodicosis in Dogs:
Develops from localized form in 90% of cases. Secondary bacterial infestation (Staphylococcus pseudointermedius). Pruritus see
167
Demodectic otacariosis in Dogs:
Bilateral. Frequently combined with Malassezia + Bacteria
168
Treatment of Demodicosis in Dogs:
Mites: Amitraz, Ivermectin and Milbemycin-oxim AB: Cephalosporin or Enrofloxacin Contra: Immunosupp
169
Which Demodex species belongs to the Cat?
Demodex gatoi
170
How many Demodex spp. in cat?
2 spp. of Demodex - D. cati and D. gatoi | 1 type of Demodicosis-Generalized, is very rare
171
Demodex gatoi in Cats:
Not much info about occurrence and contril in Europe Keratin layer of the epidermis- pruritic and contagious If cat is v. sensitive- then sever pruritis, may be caused by only a few mites
172
Treatment of Demodex infection in Cat:
Amitraz (not licensed) | Ivermectin
173
Soft ticks family:
Argasidae
174
Soft tick species of Pigeons:
Argas reflexus – European pigeon tick – Vector of Borrelia anserine
175
Which tick causes Lyme disease in Europe
Argas reflexus
176
Nymphs of Otobius megnini feed where:
External ear canal Only the hexapod larvae and nymph are parasitic Adult does NOT feed
177
Otobius is what?
Soft tick
178
Hard ticks family
Ixodidae
179
Which tick is nidicolous (=endophilic)?
Ixodes hexagonus
180
Which tick is non-nidicolous (=exophilic)?
Ixodes Ricinus
181
Tick that transmits Babesia canis?
Dermacentor reticularis
182
How many Dermacentor spp. in Horse?
1 spp. – Dermacentor reticulatus
183
Brown dog tick / Kennel tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
184
Name of a Tick vaccine:
Tickguard, Gavac – Rh. Microplus
185
Fleas
Siphonoptera
186
What kind of fleas can the urban dog have? MCQ
Ctenocephalides canis Ctenocephalides felis Pulex irritans Ceratophyllus gallinae
187
Military dermatitis seen in:
Cats Small crusts on the skin. First lesion on head and neck.
188
Stages of fleas:
Egg In dark, dirty places Negative phototrophic. Positive geotropic Adult In light, clean places Positive phototrophic. Negative geotropic
189
The Cat flea has very strong host specificity?
false
190
Cat fleas infest Dogs very rarely?
False - Fleas are non-host specific.
191
Life cycle of Fleas is epi-morphosis?
False - (holo)metamorphosis (egg - 3 larval stage – pupa - adult)
192
Flea larvae can occur in the environment?
True
193
Treatment against Flea larvae:
IGR's e.g Methoprene, Lufenuron, Diflubenzuron
194
Chewing/biting lice
Amblycera- Ischnocera
195
Blood-sucking lice
Anoplura- Rhyncophthirna
196
How long can lice survive away from host?
Blood-sucking lice – Survive for only 4-7 days off their hosts exception L. stenopsis Chewing lice – Survive for 2-4 weeks away from hosts
197
How long does a sheep louse live?
1 to 5 months (chewing lice)
198
Lice life-cycle:
Epi-morphosis / Hemi-metabolic / Gradual metamorphosis
199
This species has both a blood sucking and chewing lice:
Dog, horse, goat
200
‘Sheep foot louse’ name:
Linognathus pedalis
201
Which has 1 chewing and 1 blood sucking louse?
Werneckiella equi (chewing) and Haematopinus asini (blood-sucking)
202
Cow with loss of hair on tail. Due to:
Haemotopinus quadripertusus- the cattle tail louse
203
Tongue worm
Linguatula serrata- zoonotic!!!
204
Tongue-worm
Indirect life-cycle (i.e. use intermediate hosts, mainly cattle, to complete the life-cycle)
205
Does tongue-worm have an intermediate host?
Yes- sheep, cattle or rodents
206
The tongue-worm of dogs belongs to:
Arthropoda
207
The tongue-worm belongs to:
Pentastomida
208
The closest relationship of tongue-worm is to:
Crustacean
209
The tongue-worm of dog is:
Obligate heteroxenous | Domestic and wild animals and humans as intermediate hosts
210
The females of tongue-worm of dogs lay down:
Eggs
211
How can dogs be infected with tongue-worm?
By eating contam viscera (containing the eggs)
212
The site of PE1 of the tongue-worm?
Lung and Liver | Larvae hatch in the gut- burrow through the wall and migrate to other organs
213
Can linguatulosis occur in horses’ nasal cavity?
False
214
Linguata affects herbivores:
True | Mainly asymptomatic. May develop clinical signs according to affected organs.
215
Cheyletiella blakei in Dog?
False- only in cats
216
Another name for Cheylitiella?
Walking dandruff
217
Lifecycle of Dermanyssus gallinae?
1-2 weeks
218
Name of nasal mite in Dog?
Pneumonyssioides caninum | is vivparous

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