20.1 - the structure of the nucleotide

Question 1

what are the 2 types of nucleic acids that are important to the cell

Answer 1

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

carries all of the genetic information for an organism

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

interprets the genetic information into proteins that will carry out the essential cellular functions

Question 4

what are the components of these nucleic acids

Answer 4

5 C sugar
phosphate
4 heterocyclic amines called nitrogenous bases.

Question 5

what is the sugar in DNA

Answer 5

2′-deoxyribose

Question 6

what is the sugar in RNA

Answer 6

ribose

Question 7

what is the difference between 2′-deoxyribose and ribose

Answer 7

absence of a hydroxyl group at the carbon-2 position of 2′-deoxyribose

Question 8

The nitrogenous bases are divided into two families known as

Answer 8

pyrimidines

purines

Question 9

The pyrimidine bases in DNA are

Answer 9

cytosine and thymine

Question 10

The pyrimidines found in RNA are

Answer 10

cytosine and uracil

Question 11

The major purines of both DNA and RNA are

Answer 11

adenine and guanine

Question 12

As with the pyrimidines, the purines differ from one another only in

Answer 12

the location of functional groups around the ring.

Question 13

Nucleosides are produced by the combination of a _____, either ____(in RNA) or _____ (in DNA), with a ____ or a _____base.

Answer 13

Sugar
ribose
2'-deoxyribose
purine 
pyrimidine

Question 14

the ring atoms of the sugar are designated with a _____ to distinguish them from atoms in the ___

Answer 14

prime

base

Question 15

The covalent bond between the sugar and the base is called a

Answer 15

β-N-glycosidic linkage

Question 16

____________participate in the glycosidic bonds of nucleosides

Answer 16

N-l of pyrimidines and N-9 of purines

Question 17

The nucleosides formed with ribose and adenine or guanine are called

Answer 17

adenosine or guanosine

Question 18

If 2′-deoxyribose is the sugar in these nucleosides, they are called (adenine and guanine)

Answer 18

2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine.

Question 19

The ribonucleosides formed from cytosine and uracil are called

Answer 19

cytidine and uridine

Question 20

The deoxyribonucleosides of cytosine and thymine are called

Answer 20

2′-deoxycytidine and thymidine

Question 21

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are

Answer 21

long polymers of nucleotides.

Question 22

Each nucleotide consists of

Answer 22

a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose)
one of the five nitrogenous bases,
one or more phosphoryl groups

Question 23

A nucleotide with the sugar ribose is a _______-, and one having the sugar 2′-deoxyribose is a __________

Answer 23

ribonucleotide

deoxyribonucleotide

Question 24

The covalent bond between the sugar and the phosphoryl group is a _____ bond formed by a ______reaction between the ____ of the ____and an ____ of the ____group.

Answer 24

phosphoester
condensation
5’-OH sugar
OH phosphoryl

Question 25

the bond between the base and the sugar is a β-N-glycosidic linkage that joins the _____ of the sugar and a nitrogen atom of the base (___ of purines and ___ of pyrimidines).

Answer 25

1′-carbon
N-9
N-1

Question 26

Remove the -ine ending, and replace it with either

Answer 26

• osine purines

- idine pyrimidines

Question 27

For a deoxyribonucleotide, the prefix deoxy- is placed

Answer 27

before the modified nitrogenous base name.

Question 28

Add a prefix to indicate the number of ____ groups that are attached

Answer 28

phosphoryl