20.1 - the structure of the nucleotide Flashcards
what are the 2 types of nucleic acids that are important to the cell
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
DNA
carries all of the genetic information for an organism
RNA
interprets the genetic information into proteins that will carry out the essential cellular functions
what are the components of these nucleic acids
5 C sugar
phosphate
4 heterocyclic amines called nitrogenous bases.
what is the sugar in DNA
2′-deoxyribose
what is the sugar in RNA
ribose
what is the difference between 2′-deoxyribose and ribose
absence of a hydroxyl group at the carbon-2 position of 2′-deoxyribose
The nitrogenous bases are divided into two families known as
pyrimidines
purines
The pyrimidine bases in DNA are
cytosine and thymine
The pyrimidines found in RNA are
cytosine and uracil
The major purines of both DNA and RNA are
adenine and guanine
As with the pyrimidines, the purines differ from one another only in
the location of functional groups around the ring.
Nucleosides are produced by the combination of a _____, either ____(in RNA) or _____ (in DNA), with a ____ or a _____base.
Sugar ribose 2'-deoxyribose purine pyrimidine
the ring atoms of the sugar are designated with a _____ to distinguish them from atoms in the ___
prime
base
The covalent bond between the sugar and the base is called a
β-N-glycosidic linkage