20.1 - The Nature and Role of the Supreme Court Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Chief Justice?

A

The presiding member of the Supreme Court, who holds no additional voting power to the eight other members of the Court.

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2
Q

Who is the Chief Justice?

A

Justice Roberts.

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3
Q

What is an associate justice?

A

All other members of the Supreme Court.

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4
Q

What Article deals with the Supreme Court?

A

Article III of the Constitution.

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5
Q

What legislation did Congress create to deal with Article III?

A

The Federal Judiciary Act 1789.

Allowed for the creation of the Supreme Court called by the Constitution, consisting of one chief justice and five associate justices.

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6
Q

What else did the Federal Judiciary Act 1789 do?

A

Create the courts that sat below the Supreme Court.
(District Courts and Circuit Courts)

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7
Q

How many district courts and circuit courts are there?

A

94 and 13 respectively.

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8
Q

What do district courts do?

A

Deal with federal matters such as trials involving federal laws or crimes, or constitutional issues.

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9
Q

What do circuit courts do?

A

They are appellate courts.

They predominantly hear appeals to the rulings of the district courts.

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10
Q

What is an appellate court?

A

A court of appeals, accepting cases for review from the courts beneath it.

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11
Q

What is original jurisdiction?

A

The right of the Supreme Court to be the first court to hear a case in certain circumstances, rather than a case needing to be an appeal.

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12
Q

When does original jurisdiction actually kick in?

A

Cases involving public ministers, two or more states, citizens of different states, or the USA.

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13
Q

How is the Supreme Court independent?

A
  • Justices appointed for life.
  • Vacancies only available if a current justice dies, retires or is impeached.
  • Constitution prevents salary of justices being lowered during their time in office.
  • Constitution requires approval of Senate for nominees from president.
  • The separation of powers ensures the Courts own power.
  • ABA rates the suitability of each of the justices.
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14
Q

What is judicial review?

A

The power of the Supreme Court to judge actions of the presidential branch or acts and actions of Congress against the constitution.

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15
Q

Article III makes mention of the power of Judicial Review. T/F?

A

False.

No mention, but the powers are taken by the Court anyway.

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16
Q
A