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PMP103 > 20. Respiratory conditions symptoms > Flashcards

20. Respiratory conditions symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘The Common Ailment Scheme’ (CAS)

A

The Common Ailment Service is a free NHS service
Patients can access for advice and treatment of 26 conditions through CAS.

The service involves:
o Patient registration with the pharmacy
o Private consultation with the pharmacist
o Advice on management and treatment where needed
OR referral if necessary

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2
Q

Who can access the CAS:

A

Any patient who lives in Wales or who is registered to a Welsh GP is eligible to access the Choose Pharmacy Service.

The only exclusions are:
- Temporary residents whose usual address is not in
Wales
- Care Home residents

For some conditions there are exclusions based on:
- Age
- Pregnancy/breastfeeding
- If they have had the condition multiple times

These vary depending on the condition.

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3
Q

What the 26 conditions that can be treated under the Common Ailment Scheme (CAS):

A
  1. Acne
  2. Athletes Foot
  3. Backache (acute)
  4. Chickenpox
  5. Cold sores*
  6. Colic*
  7. Conjunctivitis (bacterial)
  8. Constipation
  9. Dermatitis (acute)
  10. Diarrhoea*
  11. Dry eyes
  12. Haemorrhoids
  13. Hay fever
  14. Head Lice
  15. Indigestion/reflux
  16. Ingrowing toenail*
  17. Intertrigo/ringworm
  18. Mouth Ulcers
  19. Nappy rash
  20. Oral thrush
  21. Scabies
  22. Sore throat/tonsillitis
  23. Teething
  24. Threadworm
  25. Vaginal thrush
  26. Verruca
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4
Q

What is Choose Pharmacy?

A

Choose Pharmacy is a confidential NHS electronic records system, which community pharmacists use to record details of NHS services they provide to you.

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of a cold?

A

Congestion
Itchy/watery eyes
Feeling tired
Cough
Runny/stuffy nose
Sore throat
Headache
Sneezing

Sore or irritated throat.
Nasal irritation, congestion, nasal discharge (rhinorrhoea), and sneezing.
Nasal discharge is often profuse and clear at first but becomes thicker and darker as the infection progresses.
Cough, which typically develops after nasal symptoms clear.
Hoarse voice caused by associated laryngitis.
General malaise.

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of the flu?

A

Fever
Body aches
Extreme fatigue
Cough
Runny nose
Sore throat
Headache

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7
Q

What is the common cold?

A

Mild, self limiting, viral (rhinovirus)
Upper respiratory tract infection (not chest)

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8
Q

What is the treatment of a cold?

A

No known treatment improves the time course of the infection as its viral - no antibiotics
Treatments to help with the symptoms of cold i.e. nasal spray

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9
Q

What are the most common complications of the cold?

A

Sinusitis
Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute otitis media

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10
Q

How is a cold spread?

A

By direct contact or aerosol transmission

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11
Q

What is the infectious time period for the cold?

A

Several weeks

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12
Q

How quickly do symptoms show after infection of common cold?

A

There is a sudden onset on symptoms after infection, reaching its peak at day 2-3, then will decrease in intensity

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13
Q

How long will the common cold last? In both adults and children?

A

In adults and older children, symptoms tend to last about a week, although cough can persist for up to 3 weeks.
In younger children, symptoms typically last 10–14 days.
Smokers tend to have more severe respiratory symptoms (including cough), and the infection is more prolonged.

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14
Q

What is seasonal influenza?

A

Acute respiratory illness caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (influenza viruses).

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15
Q

What are the most common complications of influenza?

A

Acute bronchitis.
Pneumonia.
Exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Otitis media.
Sinusitis.

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16
Q

How quickly do symptoms show after infection of seasonal influenza?

A

Influenza presents with symptoms appearing around 2 days after exposure

17
Q

What are the two types of seasonal influenza?

A

Uncomplicated influenza
Complicated influenza

18
Q

What is uncomplicated influenza?

A

Coryza of entire system (inflammation), nasal discharge,cough, fever,gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, headache, malaise (discomfort), myalgia (muscle pain), arthralgia (joint pain),ocular symptoms (red, watery eyes), and sore throat.

19
Q

What is complicated influenza?

A

Require hospital admission, involve thelower respiratory tract,central nervous system (CNS), or cause significant exacerbation of an underlying medical condition - other underlying conditions can get worse and can cause further complications i.e. COPD, diabetes

20
Q

Who is in the at risk group for seasonal influenza?

A
  • Those with chronic respiratory, heart, kidney, liver, or neurological disease; diabetes mellitus (DM); or those who are obese orimmunosuppressed.
  • Those > 65 years.
  • Women who are pregnant (or women up to two weeks post partum).
  • Children aged < 6 months.
21
Q

How should seasonal influenza managed?

A
  • Drink adequate fluid
  • Take paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve symptoms
  • Rest
  • Stay off work or school until the worst symptoms have resolved (usually ~1 week)
22
Q

When should hospital admission be required with seasonal influenza?

A
  • A complication such as pneumonia occurs.
  • The person has a concomitant disease that may be affected by influenza (for example, type 1 diabetes).
  • There is suspicion of a serious illness other than influenza (for example,meningitis).
23
Q

What is a cough?

A
  • It is a reflex response to airway irritation.
  • It is triggered by stimulation of airway cough receptors, either by irritants or by conditions that cause airway distortion.
  • Cough can be acute (lasting < 3 weeks), sub-acute (lasting 3–8 weeks), or chronic (lasting > 8 weeks).
24
Q

What causes a cough?

A

Commonly caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).
Other causes could be:
- Acute bronchitis.
- Pneumonia.
- Acute exacerbations of asthma
- Environmental or occupational causes.
- Foreign body aspiration.

25
Q

What is the recommended management for a cough?

A
  • Management of people with cough should be based on treating the underlying cause where it has been identified, or sequential trials of treatment to confirm or refute common causes.
  • Offer self care (e.g. paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain and inflammation, if appropriate), and refer to smoking cessation if relevant.
  • Referral to a respiratory physician should be arranged for people with a cough that does NOT respond to trials of treatment, if the diagnosis is uncertain, or if systemically unwell.
  • Emergency referral should be arranged for people with: Clinical features of foreign body aspiration.
26
Q

What is croup?

A

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) is a common childhood disease
Usually caused by a virus - self limiting

27
Q

What are the main symptoms of croup?

A
  • Sudden onset of a seal-like barking cough usually accompanied by stridor (predominantly inspiratory) - Hoarse voice, and respiratory distress due to upper-airwayobstruction.
  • Symptoms are usually worse at night. There may be a fever.
  • There is often a preceding 12–48 hour history of a non-specific cough (wouldn’t be able to tell if it was a cold, flu or anything else), rhinorrhoea (runny nose), and fever.
28
Q

Who does croup affect?

A

Croup most commonly affects children between 6 months and 6years of age, with a peak incidence during the second year of life.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of mild croup?

A
  • Seal like barking cough
  • No stridor (high pitched turbulent sound when inhaling or exhaling)
30
Q

What are the symptoms of moderate croup?

A
  • Seal like barking cough
  • With stridor (high pitched turbulent sound when inhaling or exhaling)
  • Intercostal recession
  • No agitation or lethargy (i.e. tired, not playing, crying, just unwell within themselves)
31
Q

What are the symptoms of severe croup?

A
  • Seal like barking cough
  • With stridor (high pitched turbulent sound when inhaling or exhaling)
  • Intercostal recession
  • Agitation or lethargy (i.e. tired, not playing, crying, just unwell within themselves)
32
Q

When should a child be admitted for croup?

A

Children should be immediately admitted when they are presenting symptoms for moderate or severe croup or impending respiratory failure

33
Q

What is the management for croup?

A

For mild, moderate and sever croup, children should receive a single dose of oral dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg) - which is a steroid
If the child is too unwell to take medication then a single dose of 2mg inhaled budesonide OR single dose of IM injection of dexamthasone (0.6mg/kg)

34
Q

What is the management of mild croup?

A

Mild croup can usually be managed at home as it is self limiting and symptoms will usually resolve within 48 hours, if not seek advise from GP and get a single dose of dexamethasone.
Advise parents to manage pain and fever with paracetamol and ibuprofen and seek further advise if there is any sign of deterioration

35
Q

What is whooping cough? Also known as pertussis.

A

High infectious BACTERIAL infection caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis

36
Q

How is whooping cough spread?

A

My aerosol droplets released from coughing and mainly affects infants and young children

37
Q

What is the incubation period of whooping cough?

A

Usually around 7 days and child can be infectious for up to 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms

38
Q

What are the 3 phases of whooping cough?

A

The catarrhal phase - lasts a week and is a dry, unproductive cough (no phlegm)

The paroxysmal phase - can last for up to a month and is characterised by coughing fits, whooping, post-tussive vomiting (vomiting after coughing) and the person may be well between paroxysms (between coughing fits)

The convalescent phase - can last for another 2 months and is a gradual improvement in frequency and severity of symptoms

39
Q

What is the management of whooping cough?

A

Seriously unwell or 6 months and younger should be admitted to hospital
Antibiotics are used - usually a macrolide i.e. erythromycin or clarithromycin to treat suspected or confirmed whooping cough with an onset of coughing in the previous 21 days
Advise lots of rest, fluid and use paracetamol to manage symptoms
Stay off work/education for 48 hours whilst taking antibiotic treatment or 21 days after an onset of symptoms
Close contacts may require antibiotic prophylaxis - preventative antibiotics

PMP103 (13 decks)

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