19. Public Health and Health promotion Flashcards
What is public health?
Improving the population health
Making people healthy
Saving lives - prolonging life by good health and preventing premature death through lifestyle changes and health management
Life expectancy - improving health of whole population by focusing on diseases with high numbers i.e. diabetes CVD etc.
“Public Health is the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life and promoting health, through the organised efforts of society”
Who is responsible for public health?
Co-ordinated efforts between:
- All sectors of the society
- Department of Health
- Stakeholders
- Government
- Private sector
- Non-government organisations
- International organisations
- Community
What’s the definition of ‘health promotion’?
“Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health”
According to WHO, health is a state of:
- Physical
- Social
- Mental
- Wellbeing
X mere absence of disease
X mere absence of infirmary
What determines a persons health?
- Person centred care - the individuals health
- Holistic approaches - taking all lifestyle factors into considerations: drink, smoking, poor diet, underlaying health conditions etc. and providing the patient for the right organisation to help with these
What complex interactions contribute and determine health?
- Individual
- Lifestyles and behaviour
- Physical, social and economical
What complex interactions contribute and determine health?
- Individual
- Lifestyles and behaviour
- Physical, social and economical
How is public health regulated?
The 3 P’s:
1. Protection
2. Prevention
3. Promotion
What are the 3 P’s?
Protection - Making sure there’s enough hospital beds
- Clean and healthy work places and airflow
- Masks and PPE
- Tests and screening (i.e. for cancers)
Prevention - Vaccinations and herd immunity
- Screenings and tests for diseases and
cancers
Promotion - Promotion of healthy lifestyles such as
exercise guidance, eating a balanced diet
as shown by eat well plate and 5 a day
scheme
What is the NHS guidance for exercise?
Do at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity a week or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity a week. spread exercise evenly over 4 to 5 days a week, or every day. reduce time spent sitting or lying down and break up long periods of not moving with some activity.
How are the 3 Ps managed?
GOVERNANCE : having systems in place to ensure these 3 steps are possible
ADVOCACY: encouraging people to take care and to take certain steps to look after their health i.e. flu vaccine
CAPACITY: Need to have enough health professionals available to enforce these health promotions
RESOURCES: Money available to be able to provide these steps and schemes
INFORMATION: Provide information to the public on these steps and schemes
What is the Ottawa Charter?
WHO came up with Ottawa Charter - which is to provide goals and concepts of health promotion for the whole world through 5 action areas and 3 strategies
What are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter?
- Protect health, enable healthy choices
- Healthy choices related to where people live, work,
learn and play - Community efforts to improve health
- Addressing health inequality
- Information, education and life
Skills to make good healthy choices
What are the 3 strategies of the Ottawa Charter?
- Advocate: systems in place
- Mediate: individuals and organisations
- Enable: work in partnerships and empower
individuals
Examples of public health campaigns:
- Stoptober and No Smoking Day - smoking
- Nutrition and hydration week - obesity
- Healthy weight: Healthy Wales, Test and Treat - Sore
throat ‘test and treat’ - Annual Flu Programme - Seasonal flu vaccine
- Time to talk/Time to change/Suicide prevention -
Supporting mental health - Alcohol change - alcohol
- Supporting people with long term conditions - World
Cancer Day - Beat eating disorders - eating disorders awareness
What are enhanced services?
These are optional services such as anticoagulation services that used to be commissioned by primary care trusts. Since the abolition of primary care trusts, only NHS England can commission enhanced services. At present this route is not often used as most areas use locally commissioned services to commission these types of optional services.
What are the enhanced services that can be provided by CP?
- Primary Care Covid-19 Immunisation Service
- Accreditation Pathways for Pharmacists starting to
practice in Wales - Accreditation process for Enhanced Services in
Wales from April 2018 - Address to send Pharmacy and Pharmacist Listing
forms for Enhanced Services - Care Home Support National Enhanced Service
- Emergency Hormonal Contraception
- Enhanced Services Availability and Accreditation
- Fees for National Enhanced services
- Independent Prescribing
- Community Pharmacy Wales
- National Stop Smoking Service
- Needle and Syringe Supply
- Patient Sharps Service
- Pivotell
- Respiratory Service 2019 – National
- Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Service
- Sore Throat Test and Treat
- Substance Misuse Services
- Services and Claims Summary
- National Just In Case pack service
What is ‘Primary Care Covid-19 Immunisation Service’ under enhanced services?
What is ‘Community Pharmacy Wales’ under enhanced services?
What is ‘Emergency Hormonal Contraception’ under enhanced services?
What is ‘Independent prescribing’ under enhanced services?
What is ‘National Stop Smoking Service’ under enhanced services?
What is the ‘Common Ailments Scheme’ under enhanced services?
